NHS Health Check attendance is associated with reduced multiorgan disease risk: a matched cohort study in the UK Biobank
Abstract Background The NHS Health Check is a preventive programme in the UK designed to screen for cardiovascular risk and to aid in primary disease prevention. Despite its widespread implementation, the effectiveness of the NHS Health Check for longer-term disease prevention is unclear. In this st...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-03187-w |
| _version_ | 1797276479236603904 |
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| author | Celeste McCracken Zahra Raisi-Estabragh Liliana Szabo John Robson Betty Raman Anya Topiwala Adriana Roca-Fernández Masud Husain Steffen E. Petersen Stefan Neubauer Thomas E. Nichols |
| author_facet | Celeste McCracken Zahra Raisi-Estabragh Liliana Szabo John Robson Betty Raman Anya Topiwala Adriana Roca-Fernández Masud Husain Steffen E. Petersen Stefan Neubauer Thomas E. Nichols |
| author_sort | Celeste McCracken |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The NHS Health Check is a preventive programme in the UK designed to screen for cardiovascular risk and to aid in primary disease prevention. Despite its widespread implementation, the effectiveness of the NHS Health Check for longer-term disease prevention is unclear. In this study, we measured the rate of new diagnoses in UK Biobank participants who underwent the NHS Health Check compared with those who did not. Methods Within the UK Biobank prospective study, 48,602 NHS Health Check recipients were identified from linked primary care records. These participants were then covariate-matched on an extensive range of socio-demographic, lifestyle, and medical factors with 48,602 participants without record of the check. Follow-up diagnoses were ascertained from health records over an average of 9 years (SD 2 years) including hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, stroke, dementia, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, liver failure, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease (stage 3 +), cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. Time-varying survival modelling was used to compare adjusted outcome rates between the groups. Results In the immediate 2 years after the NHS Health Check, higher diagnosis rates were observed for hypertension, high cholesterol, and chronic kidney disease among health check recipients compared to their matched counterparts. However, in the longer term, NHS Health Check recipients had significantly lower risk across all multiorgan disease outcomes and reduced rates of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Conclusions The NHS Health Check is linked to reduced incidence of disease across multiple organ systems, which may be attributed to risk modification through earlier detection and treatment of key risk factors such as hypertension and high cholesterol. This work adds important evidence to the growing body of research supporting the effectiveness of preventative interventions in reducing longer-term multimorbidity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:28:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7523529d1dd44c5ebc7261526f0c0ab6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1741-7015 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:28:45Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-7523529d1dd44c5ebc7261526f0c0ab62024-03-05T16:32:26ZengBMCBMC Medicine1741-70152024-01-0122111310.1186/s12916-023-03187-wNHS Health Check attendance is associated with reduced multiorgan disease risk: a matched cohort study in the UK BiobankCeleste McCracken0Zahra Raisi-Estabragh1Liliana Szabo2John Robson3Betty Raman4Anya Topiwala5Adriana Roca-Fernández6Masud Husain7Steffen E. Petersen8Stefan Neubauer9Thomas E. Nichols10Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustWilliam Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of LondonWilliam Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of LondonWolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of LondonDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustBig Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordPerspectum Ltd., Gemini OneNuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of OxfordWilliam Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of LondonDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustWolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of LondonAbstract Background The NHS Health Check is a preventive programme in the UK designed to screen for cardiovascular risk and to aid in primary disease prevention. Despite its widespread implementation, the effectiveness of the NHS Health Check for longer-term disease prevention is unclear. In this study, we measured the rate of new diagnoses in UK Biobank participants who underwent the NHS Health Check compared with those who did not. Methods Within the UK Biobank prospective study, 48,602 NHS Health Check recipients were identified from linked primary care records. These participants were then covariate-matched on an extensive range of socio-demographic, lifestyle, and medical factors with 48,602 participants without record of the check. Follow-up diagnoses were ascertained from health records over an average of 9 years (SD 2 years) including hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, stroke, dementia, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, liver failure, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease (stage 3 +), cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. Time-varying survival modelling was used to compare adjusted outcome rates between the groups. Results In the immediate 2 years after the NHS Health Check, higher diagnosis rates were observed for hypertension, high cholesterol, and chronic kidney disease among health check recipients compared to their matched counterparts. However, in the longer term, NHS Health Check recipients had significantly lower risk across all multiorgan disease outcomes and reduced rates of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Conclusions The NHS Health Check is linked to reduced incidence of disease across multiple organ systems, which may be attributed to risk modification through earlier detection and treatment of key risk factors such as hypertension and high cholesterol. This work adds important evidence to the growing body of research supporting the effectiveness of preventative interventions in reducing longer-term multimorbidity.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-03187-wNHS Health CheckPrimary carePreventive medicineGeneral medicinePublic health |
| spellingShingle | Celeste McCracken Zahra Raisi-Estabragh Liliana Szabo John Robson Betty Raman Anya Topiwala Adriana Roca-Fernández Masud Husain Steffen E. Petersen Stefan Neubauer Thomas E. Nichols NHS Health Check attendance is associated with reduced multiorgan disease risk: a matched cohort study in the UK Biobank BMC Medicine NHS Health Check Primary care Preventive medicine General medicine Public health |
| title | NHS Health Check attendance is associated with reduced multiorgan disease risk: a matched cohort study in the UK Biobank |
| title_full | NHS Health Check attendance is associated with reduced multiorgan disease risk: a matched cohort study in the UK Biobank |
| title_fullStr | NHS Health Check attendance is associated with reduced multiorgan disease risk: a matched cohort study in the UK Biobank |
| title_full_unstemmed | NHS Health Check attendance is associated with reduced multiorgan disease risk: a matched cohort study in the UK Biobank |
| title_short | NHS Health Check attendance is associated with reduced multiorgan disease risk: a matched cohort study in the UK Biobank |
| title_sort | nhs health check attendance is associated with reduced multiorgan disease risk a matched cohort study in the uk biobank |
| topic | NHS Health Check Primary care Preventive medicine General medicine Public health |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-03187-w |
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