The Spectrum of Global Electron Content: A New Potential Indicator of Space Weather Activity
The time evolution of the total number of free electrons in the Earth’s ionosphere, i.e., the Global Electron Content (GEC), during more than two solar cycles is analyzed in this work. The GEC time series has been extracted from the Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs) of Vertical Total Electron Content (...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/393 |
| _version_ | 1797339415806214144 |
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| author | Josep Maria Aroca-Farrerons Manuel Hernández-Pajares Haixia Lyu David Roma-Dollase Raul Orus-Perez Alberto García-Rigo Victoria Graffigna Germán Olivares-Pulido Enric Monte-Moreno Heng Yang Qi Liu |
| author_facet | Josep Maria Aroca-Farrerons Manuel Hernández-Pajares Haixia Lyu David Roma-Dollase Raul Orus-Perez Alberto García-Rigo Victoria Graffigna Germán Olivares-Pulido Enric Monte-Moreno Heng Yang Qi Liu |
| author_sort | Josep Maria Aroca-Farrerons |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The time evolution of the total number of free electrons in the Earth’s ionosphere, i.e., the Global Electron Content (GEC), during more than two solar cycles is analyzed in this work. The GEC time series has been extracted from the Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs) of Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) estimated by UPC-IonSAT with TOMION-v1 software from global GPS measurements since the end of 1996. A dual-layer voxel-based tomographic model solved with a forward Kalman scalar filter, from dual-frequency carrier GPS data only, provides the so-called UQRG GIM after VTEC kriging interpolation, with a resolution of 15 min in time, 5° in longitude and 2.5° in latitude. UQRG is one of the best behaving GIMs in the International GNSS Service (IGS).In this context, the potential application of the GEC spectrum evolution as a potential space weather index is discussed and demonstrated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:47:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7526040a91dc477a9e674402794fcfda |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:47:49Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-7526040a91dc477a9e674402794fcfda2024-01-29T14:14:09ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-01-0124239310.3390/s24020393The Spectrum of Global Electron Content: A New Potential Indicator of Space Weather ActivityJosep Maria Aroca-Farrerons0Manuel Hernández-Pajares1Haixia Lyu2David Roma-Dollase3Raul Orus-Perez4Alberto García-Rigo5Victoria Graffigna6Germán Olivares-Pulido7Enric Monte-Moreno8Heng Yang9Qi Liu10UPC-IonSAT, 08034 Barcelona, SpainUPC-IonSAT, 08034 Barcelona, SpainUPC-IonSAT, 08034 Barcelona, SpainIEEC, 08034 Barcelona, SpainESA, ESTEC, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The NetherlandsUPC-IonSAT, 08034 Barcelona, SpainUPC-IonSAT, 08034 Barcelona, SpainUPC-IonSAT, 08034 Barcelona, SpainUPC-TALP, 08034 Barcelona, SpainUPC-IonSAT, 08034 Barcelona, SpainUPC-IonSAT, 08034 Barcelona, SpainThe time evolution of the total number of free electrons in the Earth’s ionosphere, i.e., the Global Electron Content (GEC), during more than two solar cycles is analyzed in this work. The GEC time series has been extracted from the Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs) of Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) estimated by UPC-IonSAT with TOMION-v1 software from global GPS measurements since the end of 1996. A dual-layer voxel-based tomographic model solved with a forward Kalman scalar filter, from dual-frequency carrier GPS data only, provides the so-called UQRG GIM after VTEC kriging interpolation, with a resolution of 15 min in time, 5° in longitude and 2.5° in latitude. UQRG is one of the best behaving GIMs in the International GNSS Service (IGS).In this context, the potential application of the GEC spectrum evolution as a potential space weather index is discussed and demonstrated.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/393global electron contentspace weather indexglobal navigation satellite systems |
| spellingShingle | Josep Maria Aroca-Farrerons Manuel Hernández-Pajares Haixia Lyu David Roma-Dollase Raul Orus-Perez Alberto García-Rigo Victoria Graffigna Germán Olivares-Pulido Enric Monte-Moreno Heng Yang Qi Liu The Spectrum of Global Electron Content: A New Potential Indicator of Space Weather Activity Sensors global electron content space weather index global navigation satellite systems |
| title | The Spectrum of Global Electron Content: A New Potential Indicator of Space Weather Activity |
| title_full | The Spectrum of Global Electron Content: A New Potential Indicator of Space Weather Activity |
| title_fullStr | The Spectrum of Global Electron Content: A New Potential Indicator of Space Weather Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Spectrum of Global Electron Content: A New Potential Indicator of Space Weather Activity |
| title_short | The Spectrum of Global Electron Content: A New Potential Indicator of Space Weather Activity |
| title_sort | spectrum of global electron content a new potential indicator of space weather activity |
| topic | global electron content space weather index global navigation satellite systems |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/393 |
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