Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Shows Anterior Prefrontal Blood Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia but Not in Major Depressive Disorder
Previous studies using various brain imaging methods have reported prefrontal blood flow disturbances in psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. In both disorders, alterations of the resting blood flow, in addition to that of the activation in response to task l...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-02-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1594 |
| _version_ | 1797476690841042944 |
|---|---|
| author | Toshikazu Shinba Nobutoshi Kariya Saori Matsuda Makoto Arai Masanari Itokawa Yoko Hoshi |
| author_facet | Toshikazu Shinba Nobutoshi Kariya Saori Matsuda Makoto Arai Masanari Itokawa Yoko Hoshi |
| author_sort | Toshikazu Shinba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Previous studies using various brain imaging methods have reported prefrontal blood flow disturbances in psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. In both disorders, alterations of the resting blood flow, in addition to that of the activation in response to task load, have been shown, but the results are not consistent. The present study aimed to examine the anterior prefrontal hemoglobin concentration at the resting state in schizophrenia and depression using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIR-TRS), which estimates the optical absorption coefficients and calculates the absolute concentrations of oxygenated (oxy-Hb), deoxygenated (deoxy-Hb), and total (total-Hb; sum of oxy-Hb and deoxy-Hb) hemoglobin. Their ratios to systemic blood hemoglobin concentration (blood-Hb) were also assessed. In agreement with our previous data, total-Hb and total-Hb/blood-Hb in schizophrenia were significantly lower. The present study further revealed that both oxy-Hb/blood-Hb and deoxy-Hb/blood-Hb in schizophrenia were reduced. In depression, total-Hb, total-Hb/blood-Hb, oxy-Hb, and oxy-Hb/blood-Hb were higher than in schizophrenia and were not different from the control. The oxygen saturation (oxy-Hb/total-Hb), in addition to the optical pathlengths, did not show group differences. Lowered oxy-Hb/blood-Hb and deoxy-Hb/blood-Hb together with unchanged oxygen saturation may indicate that the prefrontal blood volume is reduced in schizophrenia. The present findings suggest that NIR-TRS is useful in analyzing the hemodynamic aspects of prefrontal dysfunction in schizophrenia and differentiating schizophrenia from depression. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:05:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-75262f5a07a34063a23ea5bed3d2a055 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:05:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-75262f5a07a34063a23ea5bed3d2a0552023-11-23T22:01:59ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-02-01224159410.3390/s22041594Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Shows Anterior Prefrontal Blood Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia but Not in Major Depressive DisorderToshikazu Shinba0Nobutoshi Kariya1Saori Matsuda2Makoto Arai3Masanari Itokawa4Yoko Hoshi5Department of Psychiatry, Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital, Shizuoka 422-8527, JapanMaynds Tower Mental Clinic, Tokyo 151-0053, JapanMaynds Tower Mental Clinic, Tokyo 151-0053, JapanSchizophrenia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, JapanSchizophrenia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, JapanDepartment of Biomedical Optics, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, JapanPrevious studies using various brain imaging methods have reported prefrontal blood flow disturbances in psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. In both disorders, alterations of the resting blood flow, in addition to that of the activation in response to task load, have been shown, but the results are not consistent. The present study aimed to examine the anterior prefrontal hemoglobin concentration at the resting state in schizophrenia and depression using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIR-TRS), which estimates the optical absorption coefficients and calculates the absolute concentrations of oxygenated (oxy-Hb), deoxygenated (deoxy-Hb), and total (total-Hb; sum of oxy-Hb and deoxy-Hb) hemoglobin. Their ratios to systemic blood hemoglobin concentration (blood-Hb) were also assessed. In agreement with our previous data, total-Hb and total-Hb/blood-Hb in schizophrenia were significantly lower. The present study further revealed that both oxy-Hb/blood-Hb and deoxy-Hb/blood-Hb in schizophrenia were reduced. In depression, total-Hb, total-Hb/blood-Hb, oxy-Hb, and oxy-Hb/blood-Hb were higher than in schizophrenia and were not different from the control. The oxygen saturation (oxy-Hb/total-Hb), in addition to the optical pathlengths, did not show group differences. Lowered oxy-Hb/blood-Hb and deoxy-Hb/blood-Hb together with unchanged oxygen saturation may indicate that the prefrontal blood volume is reduced in schizophrenia. The present findings suggest that NIR-TRS is useful in analyzing the hemodynamic aspects of prefrontal dysfunction in schizophrenia and differentiating schizophrenia from depression.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1594near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopyprefrontal cortexhemoglobin concentrationbrain blood volumeschizophreniadepression |
| spellingShingle | Toshikazu Shinba Nobutoshi Kariya Saori Matsuda Makoto Arai Masanari Itokawa Yoko Hoshi Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Shows Anterior Prefrontal Blood Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia but Not in Major Depressive Disorder Sensors near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy prefrontal cortex hemoglobin concentration brain blood volume schizophrenia depression |
| title | Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Shows Anterior Prefrontal Blood Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia but Not in Major Depressive Disorder |
| title_full | Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Shows Anterior Prefrontal Blood Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia but Not in Major Depressive Disorder |
| title_fullStr | Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Shows Anterior Prefrontal Blood Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia but Not in Major Depressive Disorder |
| title_full_unstemmed | Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Shows Anterior Prefrontal Blood Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia but Not in Major Depressive Disorder |
| title_short | Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Shows Anterior Prefrontal Blood Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia but Not in Major Depressive Disorder |
| title_sort | near infrared time resolved spectroscopy shows anterior prefrontal blood volume reduction in schizophrenia but not in major depressive disorder |
| topic | near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy prefrontal cortex hemoglobin concentration brain blood volume schizophrenia depression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1594 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT toshikazushinba nearinfraredtimeresolvedspectroscopyshowsanteriorprefrontalbloodvolumereductioninschizophreniabutnotinmajordepressivedisorder AT nobutoshikariya nearinfraredtimeresolvedspectroscopyshowsanteriorprefrontalbloodvolumereductioninschizophreniabutnotinmajordepressivedisorder AT saorimatsuda nearinfraredtimeresolvedspectroscopyshowsanteriorprefrontalbloodvolumereductioninschizophreniabutnotinmajordepressivedisorder AT makotoarai nearinfraredtimeresolvedspectroscopyshowsanteriorprefrontalbloodvolumereductioninschizophreniabutnotinmajordepressivedisorder AT masanariitokawa nearinfraredtimeresolvedspectroscopyshowsanteriorprefrontalbloodvolumereductioninschizophreniabutnotinmajordepressivedisorder AT yokohoshi nearinfraredtimeresolvedspectroscopyshowsanteriorprefrontalbloodvolumereductioninschizophreniabutnotinmajordepressivedisorder |