Vancomycin-Loaded 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid–Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
The regeneration of bone remains one of the main challenges in the biomedical field, with the need to provide more personalized and multifunctional solutions. The other persistent challenge is related to the local prevention of infections after implantation surgery. To fulfill the first one and prov...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-10-01
|
| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/21/4250 |
| _version_ | 1797631416764203008 |
|---|---|
| author | Sara Pérez-Davila Carmen Potel-Alvarellos Raquel Carballo Laura González-Rodríguez Miriam López-Álvarez Julia Serra Patricia Díaz-Rodríguez Mariana Landín Pío González |
| author_facet | Sara Pérez-Davila Carmen Potel-Alvarellos Raquel Carballo Laura González-Rodríguez Miriam López-Álvarez Julia Serra Patricia Díaz-Rodríguez Mariana Landín Pío González |
| author_sort | Sara Pérez-Davila |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The regeneration of bone remains one of the main challenges in the biomedical field, with the need to provide more personalized and multifunctional solutions. The other persistent challenge is related to the local prevention of infections after implantation surgery. To fulfill the first one and provide customized scaffolds with complex geometries, 3D printing is being investigated, with polylactic acid (PLA) as the biomaterial mostly used, given its thermoplastic properties. The 3D printing of PLA in combination with hydroxyapatite (HA) is also under research, to mimic the native mechanical and biological properties, providing more functional scaffolds. Finally, to fulfill the second one, antibacterial drugs locally incorporated into biodegradable scaffolds are also under investigation. This work aims to develop vancomycin-loaded 3D-printed PLA–HA scaffolds offering a dual functionality: local prevention of infections and personalized biodegradable scaffolds with osseointegrative properties. For this, the antibacterial drug vancomycin was incorporated into 3D-printed PLA–HA scaffolds using three loading methodologies: (1) dip coating, (2) drop coating, and (3) direct incorporation in the 3D printing with PLA and HA. A systematic characterization was performed, including release kinetics, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> antibacterial/antibiofilm activities and cytocompatibility. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the vancomycin-loaded 3D-printed PLA–HA scaffolds as drug-releasing vehicles with significant antibacterial effects for the three methodologies. In relation to the drug release kinetics, the (1) dip- and (2) drop-coating methodologies achieved burst release (first 60 min) of around 80–90% of the loaded vancomycin, followed by a slower release of the remaining drug for up to 48 h, while the (3) 3D printing presented an extended release beyond 7 days as the polymer degraded. The cytocompatibility of the vancomycin-loaded scaffolds was also confirmed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:22:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-752f2d02bc7d4c019f33161497ec7dc6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:22:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-752f2d02bc7d4c019f33161497ec7dc62023-11-10T15:10:41ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-10-011521425010.3390/polym15214250Vancomycin-Loaded 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid–Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue EngineeringSara Pérez-Davila0Carmen Potel-Alvarellos1Raquel Carballo2Laura González-Rodríguez3Miriam López-Álvarez4Julia Serra5Patricia Díaz-Rodríguez6Mariana Landín7Pío González8CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo Novos Materiais, 36310 Vigo, SpainGalicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, SpainGalicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, SpainCINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo Novos Materiais, 36310 Vigo, SpainCINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo Novos Materiais, 36310 Vigo, SpainCINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo Novos Materiais, 36310 Vigo, SpainPharmacology, Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Materials, iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compositela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, SpainPharmacology, Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Materials, iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compositela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, SpainCINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo Novos Materiais, 36310 Vigo, SpainThe regeneration of bone remains one of the main challenges in the biomedical field, with the need to provide more personalized and multifunctional solutions. The other persistent challenge is related to the local prevention of infections after implantation surgery. To fulfill the first one and provide customized scaffolds with complex geometries, 3D printing is being investigated, with polylactic acid (PLA) as the biomaterial mostly used, given its thermoplastic properties. The 3D printing of PLA in combination with hydroxyapatite (HA) is also under research, to mimic the native mechanical and biological properties, providing more functional scaffolds. Finally, to fulfill the second one, antibacterial drugs locally incorporated into biodegradable scaffolds are also under investigation. This work aims to develop vancomycin-loaded 3D-printed PLA–HA scaffolds offering a dual functionality: local prevention of infections and personalized biodegradable scaffolds with osseointegrative properties. For this, the antibacterial drug vancomycin was incorporated into 3D-printed PLA–HA scaffolds using three loading methodologies: (1) dip coating, (2) drop coating, and (3) direct incorporation in the 3D printing with PLA and HA. A systematic characterization was performed, including release kinetics, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> antibacterial/antibiofilm activities and cytocompatibility. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the vancomycin-loaded 3D-printed PLA–HA scaffolds as drug-releasing vehicles with significant antibacterial effects for the three methodologies. In relation to the drug release kinetics, the (1) dip- and (2) drop-coating methodologies achieved burst release (first 60 min) of around 80–90% of the loaded vancomycin, followed by a slower release of the remaining drug for up to 48 h, while the (3) 3D printing presented an extended release beyond 7 days as the polymer degraded. The cytocompatibility of the vancomycin-loaded scaffolds was also confirmed.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/21/4250polylactic acidhydroxyapatitevancomycin3D printingantibacterialbiocompatibility |
| spellingShingle | Sara Pérez-Davila Carmen Potel-Alvarellos Raquel Carballo Laura González-Rodríguez Miriam López-Álvarez Julia Serra Patricia Díaz-Rodríguez Mariana Landín Pío González Vancomycin-Loaded 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid–Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Polymers polylactic acid hydroxyapatite vancomycin 3D printing antibacterial biocompatibility |
| title | Vancomycin-Loaded 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid–Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering |
| title_full | Vancomycin-Loaded 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid–Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering |
| title_fullStr | Vancomycin-Loaded 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid–Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vancomycin-Loaded 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid–Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering |
| title_short | Vancomycin-Loaded 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid–Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering |
| title_sort | vancomycin loaded 3d printed polylactic acid hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering |
| topic | polylactic acid hydroxyapatite vancomycin 3D printing antibacterial biocompatibility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/21/4250 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT saraperezdavila vancomycinloaded3dprintedpolylacticacidhydroxyapatitescaffoldsforbonetissueengineering AT carmenpotelalvarellos vancomycinloaded3dprintedpolylacticacidhydroxyapatitescaffoldsforbonetissueengineering AT raquelcarballo vancomycinloaded3dprintedpolylacticacidhydroxyapatitescaffoldsforbonetissueengineering AT lauragonzalezrodriguez vancomycinloaded3dprintedpolylacticacidhydroxyapatitescaffoldsforbonetissueengineering AT miriamlopezalvarez vancomycinloaded3dprintedpolylacticacidhydroxyapatitescaffoldsforbonetissueengineering AT juliaserra vancomycinloaded3dprintedpolylacticacidhydroxyapatitescaffoldsforbonetissueengineering AT patriciadiazrodriguez vancomycinloaded3dprintedpolylacticacidhydroxyapatitescaffoldsforbonetissueengineering AT marianalandin vancomycinloaded3dprintedpolylacticacidhydroxyapatitescaffoldsforbonetissueengineering AT piogonzalez vancomycinloaded3dprintedpolylacticacidhydroxyapatitescaffoldsforbonetissueengineering |