Accumulation of Sulforaphane and Alliin in Human Prostate Tissue
Diets rich in cruciferous vegetables have been associated with a lower risk of incidence and progression of prostate cancer. Sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate derived from 4-methylsulphinylbutyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin) that accumulates in certain of these vegetables, notably broccoli, has been i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-08-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/16/3263 |
| _version_ | 1797431831900979200 |
|---|---|
| author | Tracey L. Livingstone Shikha Saha Federico Bernuzzi George M. Savva Perla Troncoso-Rey Maria H. Traka Robert D. Mills Richard Y. Ball Richard F. Mithen |
| author_facet | Tracey L. Livingstone Shikha Saha Federico Bernuzzi George M. Savva Perla Troncoso-Rey Maria H. Traka Robert D. Mills Richard Y. Ball Richard F. Mithen |
| author_sort | Tracey L. Livingstone |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Diets rich in cruciferous vegetables have been associated with a lower risk of incidence and progression of prostate cancer. Sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate derived from 4-methylsulphinylbutyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin) that accumulates in certain of these vegetables, notably broccoli, has been implicated in their protective effects. Likewise, the consumption of garlic and its sulphur-containing compounds such as alliin have been associated with a reduction in risk of prostate cancer. In this study, we tested whether consuming glucoraphanin derived from broccoli seeds and alliin derived from garlic resulted in the occurrence of these potential bioactive compounds in the prostate, which may contribute to our understanding of the putative protective effects of these dietary components. We recruited 42 men scheduled for a trans-perineal prostate biopsy into a randomised, double-blinded, 2 × 2-factorial dietary supplement four-week intervention study, and 39 completed the study. The two active interventions were supplements providing glucoraphanin from broccoli (BroccoMax<sup>®</sup>) and alliin from garlic (Kwai Heartcare<sup>®</sup>). Following the intervention, prostate biopsy tissue was analysed for the presence of sulforaphane and its thiol conjugates and for alliin and associated metabolites. Sulforaphane occurred in significantly higher levels in the prostate tissue (both within the transition and peripheral zone) of men consuming the glucoraphanin containing supplements (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) compared to men not consuming these supplements. However, while alliin and alliin-derived metabolites were detected within the prostate, there was no significant difference in the concentrations of these compounds in the prostate of men consuming supplements derived from garlic compared to men not consuming these supplements. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:50:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7530ede8659e4856ac5355168ab5519b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:50:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-7530ede8659e4856ac5355168ab5519b2023-12-02T00:06:44ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-08-011416326310.3390/nu14163263Accumulation of Sulforaphane and Alliin in Human Prostate TissueTracey L. Livingstone0Shikha Saha1Federico Bernuzzi2George M. Savva3Perla Troncoso-Rey4Maria H. Traka5Robert D. Mills6Richard Y. Ball7Richard F. Mithen8Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UKQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UKQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UKQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UKQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UKQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UKNorfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UY, UKNorfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UY, UKQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UKDiets rich in cruciferous vegetables have been associated with a lower risk of incidence and progression of prostate cancer. Sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate derived from 4-methylsulphinylbutyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin) that accumulates in certain of these vegetables, notably broccoli, has been implicated in their protective effects. Likewise, the consumption of garlic and its sulphur-containing compounds such as alliin have been associated with a reduction in risk of prostate cancer. In this study, we tested whether consuming glucoraphanin derived from broccoli seeds and alliin derived from garlic resulted in the occurrence of these potential bioactive compounds in the prostate, which may contribute to our understanding of the putative protective effects of these dietary components. We recruited 42 men scheduled for a trans-perineal prostate biopsy into a randomised, double-blinded, 2 × 2-factorial dietary supplement four-week intervention study, and 39 completed the study. The two active interventions were supplements providing glucoraphanin from broccoli (BroccoMax<sup>®</sup>) and alliin from garlic (Kwai Heartcare<sup>®</sup>). Following the intervention, prostate biopsy tissue was analysed for the presence of sulforaphane and its thiol conjugates and for alliin and associated metabolites. Sulforaphane occurred in significantly higher levels in the prostate tissue (both within the transition and peripheral zone) of men consuming the glucoraphanin containing supplements (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) compared to men not consuming these supplements. However, while alliin and alliin-derived metabolites were detected within the prostate, there was no significant difference in the concentrations of these compounds in the prostate of men consuming supplements derived from garlic compared to men not consuming these supplements.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/16/3263<i>Broccoli</i>glucoraphaninsulforaphaneprostate cancergarlicalliin |
| spellingShingle | Tracey L. Livingstone Shikha Saha Federico Bernuzzi George M. Savva Perla Troncoso-Rey Maria H. Traka Robert D. Mills Richard Y. Ball Richard F. Mithen Accumulation of Sulforaphane and Alliin in Human Prostate Tissue Nutrients <i>Broccoli</i> glucoraphanin sulforaphane prostate cancer garlic alliin |
| title | Accumulation of Sulforaphane and Alliin in Human Prostate Tissue |
| title_full | Accumulation of Sulforaphane and Alliin in Human Prostate Tissue |
| title_fullStr | Accumulation of Sulforaphane and Alliin in Human Prostate Tissue |
| title_full_unstemmed | Accumulation of Sulforaphane and Alliin in Human Prostate Tissue |
| title_short | Accumulation of Sulforaphane and Alliin in Human Prostate Tissue |
| title_sort | accumulation of sulforaphane and alliin in human prostate tissue |
| topic | <i>Broccoli</i> glucoraphanin sulforaphane prostate cancer garlic alliin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/16/3263 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT traceyllivingstone accumulationofsulforaphaneandalliininhumanprostatetissue AT shikhasaha accumulationofsulforaphaneandalliininhumanprostatetissue AT federicobernuzzi accumulationofsulforaphaneandalliininhumanprostatetissue AT georgemsavva accumulationofsulforaphaneandalliininhumanprostatetissue AT perlatroncosorey accumulationofsulforaphaneandalliininhumanprostatetissue AT mariahtraka accumulationofsulforaphaneandalliininhumanprostatetissue AT robertdmills accumulationofsulforaphaneandalliininhumanprostatetissue AT richardyball accumulationofsulforaphaneandalliininhumanprostatetissue AT richardfmithen accumulationofsulforaphaneandalliininhumanprostatetissue |