Salinity Stress Alters the Secondary Metabolic Profile of <i>M. sativa</i>, <i>M. arborea</i> and Their Hybrid (Alborea)
Increased soil salinity, and therefore accumulation of ions, is one of the major abiotic stresses of cultivated plants that negatively affect their growth and yield. Among Medicago species, only <i>Medicago truncatula</i>, which is a model plant, has been extensively studied, while resea...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4882 |
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| author | Efi Sarri Aikaterini Termentzi Eleni M. Abraham George K. Papadopoulos Eirini Baira Kyriaki Machera Vassilis Loukas Fotios Komaitis Eleni Tani |
| author_facet | Efi Sarri Aikaterini Termentzi Eleni M. Abraham George K. Papadopoulos Eirini Baira Kyriaki Machera Vassilis Loukas Fotios Komaitis Eleni Tani |
| author_sort | Efi Sarri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Increased soil salinity, and therefore accumulation of ions, is one of the major abiotic stresses of cultivated plants that negatively affect their growth and yield. Among Medicago species, only <i>Medicago truncatula</i>, which is a model plant, has been extensively studied, while research regarding salinity responses of two important forage legumes of <i>Medicago sativa</i> (<i>M. sativa)</i> and <i>Medicago arborea</i> (<i>M. arborea</i>) has been limited. In the present work, differences between <i>M. arborea</i>, <i>M. sativa</i> and their hybrid Alborea were studied regarding growth parameters and metabolomic responses. The entries were subjected to three different treatments: (1) no NaCl application (control plants), (2) continuous application of 100 mM NaCl (acute stress) and (3) gradual application of NaCl at concentrations of 50-75-150 mM by increasing NaCl concentration every 10 days. According to the results, <i>M. arborea</i> maintained steady growth in all three treatments and appeared to be more resistant to salinity. Furthermore, results clearly demonstrated that <i>M. arborea</i> presented a different metabolic profile from that of <i>M. sativa</i> and their hybrid. In general, it was found that under acute and gradual stress, <i>M. sativa</i> overexpressed saponins in the shoots while <i>M. arborea</i> overexpressed saponins in the roots, which is the part of the plant where most of the saponins are produced and overexpressed. Alborea did not perform well, as more metabolites were downregulated than upregulated when subjected to salinity stress. Finally, saponins and hydroxycinnamic acids were key players of increased salinity tolerance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:41:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-75349cabadb44a679a90670a00f136bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:41:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-75349cabadb44a679a90670a00f136bf2023-11-21T18:26:11ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-05-01229488210.3390/ijms22094882Salinity Stress Alters the Secondary Metabolic Profile of <i>M. sativa</i>, <i>M. arborea</i> and Their Hybrid (Alborea)Efi Sarri0Aikaterini Termentzi1Eleni M. Abraham2George K. Papadopoulos3Eirini Baira4Kyriaki Machera5Vassilis Loukas6Fotios Komaitis7Eleni Tani8Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, GreeceFaculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Crop Science, Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Crop Science, Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Crop Science, Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceIncreased soil salinity, and therefore accumulation of ions, is one of the major abiotic stresses of cultivated plants that negatively affect their growth and yield. Among Medicago species, only <i>Medicago truncatula</i>, which is a model plant, has been extensively studied, while research regarding salinity responses of two important forage legumes of <i>Medicago sativa</i> (<i>M. sativa)</i> and <i>Medicago arborea</i> (<i>M. arborea</i>) has been limited. In the present work, differences between <i>M. arborea</i>, <i>M. sativa</i> and their hybrid Alborea were studied regarding growth parameters and metabolomic responses. The entries were subjected to three different treatments: (1) no NaCl application (control plants), (2) continuous application of 100 mM NaCl (acute stress) and (3) gradual application of NaCl at concentrations of 50-75-150 mM by increasing NaCl concentration every 10 days. According to the results, <i>M. arborea</i> maintained steady growth in all three treatments and appeared to be more resistant to salinity. Furthermore, results clearly demonstrated that <i>M. arborea</i> presented a different metabolic profile from that of <i>M. sativa</i> and their hybrid. In general, it was found that under acute and gradual stress, <i>M. sativa</i> overexpressed saponins in the shoots while <i>M. arborea</i> overexpressed saponins in the roots, which is the part of the plant where most of the saponins are produced and overexpressed. Alborea did not perform well, as more metabolites were downregulated than upregulated when subjected to salinity stress. Finally, saponins and hydroxycinnamic acids were key players of increased salinity tolerance.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4882salinity tolerancesecondary metabolites<i>Medicago sativa</i><i>Medicago arborea</i>Alboreaabiotic stress |
| spellingShingle | Efi Sarri Aikaterini Termentzi Eleni M. Abraham George K. Papadopoulos Eirini Baira Kyriaki Machera Vassilis Loukas Fotios Komaitis Eleni Tani Salinity Stress Alters the Secondary Metabolic Profile of <i>M. sativa</i>, <i>M. arborea</i> and Their Hybrid (Alborea) International Journal of Molecular Sciences salinity tolerance secondary metabolites <i>Medicago sativa</i> <i>Medicago arborea</i> Alborea abiotic stress |
| title | Salinity Stress Alters the Secondary Metabolic Profile of <i>M. sativa</i>, <i>M. arborea</i> and Their Hybrid (Alborea) |
| title_full | Salinity Stress Alters the Secondary Metabolic Profile of <i>M. sativa</i>, <i>M. arborea</i> and Their Hybrid (Alborea) |
| title_fullStr | Salinity Stress Alters the Secondary Metabolic Profile of <i>M. sativa</i>, <i>M. arborea</i> and Their Hybrid (Alborea) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Salinity Stress Alters the Secondary Metabolic Profile of <i>M. sativa</i>, <i>M. arborea</i> and Their Hybrid (Alborea) |
| title_short | Salinity Stress Alters the Secondary Metabolic Profile of <i>M. sativa</i>, <i>M. arborea</i> and Their Hybrid (Alborea) |
| title_sort | salinity stress alters the secondary metabolic profile of i m sativa i i m arborea i and their hybrid alborea |
| topic | salinity tolerance secondary metabolites <i>Medicago sativa</i> <i>Medicago arborea</i> Alborea abiotic stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4882 |
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