Modification of the Inner Part of the Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) with Oil Palm Shell (OPS) Nanoparticles and Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) Resin: Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties
This study was conducted to enhance the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the inner part of the oil palm trunk (IP-OPT) impregnated with oil palm shell (OPS) nanoparticles at various concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, and 10%) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin. The PF concentration was 15% (...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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North Carolina State University
2013-11-01
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| Series: | BioResources |
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| Online Access: | http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_09_1_455_Dungani_Modication_Inner_Oil_Palm_Trunk |
| _version_ | 1828814983498039296 |
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| author | Md Nazrul Islam Y. Davoudpour Alfi Rumidatul H. P. S. Abdul Khalil |
| author_facet | Md Nazrul Islam Y. Davoudpour Alfi Rumidatul H. P. S. Abdul Khalil |
| author_sort | Md Nazrul Islam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study was conducted to enhance the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the inner part of the oil palm trunk (IP-OPT) impregnated with oil palm shell (OPS) nanoparticles at various concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, and 10%) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin. The PF concentration was 15% (w/w basis) throughout the study. The physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the OPS nanoparticle-impregnated IP-OPT lumber were analyzed according to various standards. It was found that IP-OPT gained a significant percentage of weight (up to 35.3%) due to the treatment, leading to a density increase from 0.42 to 0.89 g/cm3. The water absorption was reduced by up to 24%, which reduced the swelling coefficient, and thus, the anti-swelling efficiency was increased significantly. The tensile and flexural strengths increased from 9.77 to 19.64 MPa and from 14.46 to 38.55 MPa, respectively. The tensile and flexural moduli increased from 2.67 to 3.51 GPa and from 4.35 to 4.95 GPa, respectively, while the elongation at break decreased from 7.83 to 6.42%. The impact strength also increased significantly, from 6.90 to 15.85 kJ/m2. In addition, the thermal stability of IP-OPT was improved by the impregnation of OPS nanoparticles. Thus, it can be concluded that the impregnation of IP-OPT with OPS nanoparticles might be a good treatment process for enhancing the properties of the IP-OPT. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T10:34:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-753925583a8d45e5bb9aa9ceba986792 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1930-2126 1930-2126 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T10:34:44Z |
| publishDate | 2013-11-01 |
| publisher | North Carolina State University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BioResources |
| spelling | doaj.art-753925583a8d45e5bb9aa9ceba9867922022-12-22T00:27:15ZengNorth Carolina State UniversityBioResources1930-21261930-21262013-11-019145547110.15376/biores.9.1.455-471Modification of the Inner Part of the Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) with Oil Palm Shell (OPS) Nanoparticles and Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) Resin: Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal PropertiesMd Nazrul Islam0Y. Davoudpour1Alfi Rumidatul2H. P. S. Abdul Khalil3School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia; School of Life Science, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, BangladeshSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, MalaysiaSchool of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Gedung Labtex XI, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java-IndonesiaSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, MalaysiaThis study was conducted to enhance the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the inner part of the oil palm trunk (IP-OPT) impregnated with oil palm shell (OPS) nanoparticles at various concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, and 10%) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin. The PF concentration was 15% (w/w basis) throughout the study. The physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the OPS nanoparticle-impregnated IP-OPT lumber were analyzed according to various standards. It was found that IP-OPT gained a significant percentage of weight (up to 35.3%) due to the treatment, leading to a density increase from 0.42 to 0.89 g/cm3. The water absorption was reduced by up to 24%, which reduced the swelling coefficient, and thus, the anti-swelling efficiency was increased significantly. The tensile and flexural strengths increased from 9.77 to 19.64 MPa and from 14.46 to 38.55 MPa, respectively. The tensile and flexural moduli increased from 2.67 to 3.51 GPa and from 4.35 to 4.95 GPa, respectively, while the elongation at break decreased from 7.83 to 6.42%. The impact strength also increased significantly, from 6.90 to 15.85 kJ/m2. In addition, the thermal stability of IP-OPT was improved by the impregnation of OPS nanoparticles. Thus, it can be concluded that the impregnation of IP-OPT with OPS nanoparticles might be a good treatment process for enhancing the properties of the IP-OPT.http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_09_1_455_Dungani_Modication_Inner_Oil_Palm_TrunkTensileImpregnationSEM-EDXTEMXRDFlexural |
| spellingShingle | Md Nazrul Islam Y. Davoudpour Alfi Rumidatul H. P. S. Abdul Khalil Modification of the Inner Part of the Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) with Oil Palm Shell (OPS) Nanoparticles and Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) Resin: Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties BioResources Tensile Impregnation SEM-EDX TEM XRD Flexural |
| title | Modification of the Inner Part of the Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) with Oil Palm Shell (OPS) Nanoparticles and Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) Resin: Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties |
| title_full | Modification of the Inner Part of the Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) with Oil Palm Shell (OPS) Nanoparticles and Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) Resin: Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties |
| title_fullStr | Modification of the Inner Part of the Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) with Oil Palm Shell (OPS) Nanoparticles and Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) Resin: Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modification of the Inner Part of the Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) with Oil Palm Shell (OPS) Nanoparticles and Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) Resin: Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties |
| title_short | Modification of the Inner Part of the Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) with Oil Palm Shell (OPS) Nanoparticles and Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) Resin: Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties |
| title_sort | modification of the inner part of the oil palm trunk opt with oil palm shell ops nanoparticles and phenol formaldehyde pf resin physical mechanical and thermal properties |
| topic | Tensile Impregnation SEM-EDX TEM XRD Flexural |
| url | http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_09_1_455_Dungani_Modication_Inner_Oil_Palm_Trunk |
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