Monkeypox 2022 outbreak in non-endemic countries: Open questions relevant for public health, nonpharmacological intervention and literature review
Starting from mid-May 2022, cases of human monkeypox started to rise in several non-endemic countries. By mid-July, more than 17000 confirmed/suspect cases have been reported by at least 82 countries worldwide, with a regular incremental trend. In order to contain the disease diffusion, risk evaluat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.1005955/full |
| _version_ | 1828147616656916480 |
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| author | Maria Rosaria Capobianchi Maria Rosaria Capobianchi Antonino Di Caro Antonino Di Caro Chiara Piubelli Antonio Mori Zeno Bisoffi Concetta Castilletti |
| author_facet | Maria Rosaria Capobianchi Maria Rosaria Capobianchi Antonino Di Caro Antonino Di Caro Chiara Piubelli Antonio Mori Zeno Bisoffi Concetta Castilletti |
| author_sort | Maria Rosaria Capobianchi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Starting from mid-May 2022, cases of human monkeypox started to rise in several non-endemic countries. By mid-July, more than 17000 confirmed/suspect cases have been reported by at least 82 countries worldwide, with a regular incremental trend. In order to contain the disease diffusion, risk evaluation is crucial to undertake informed decisions and effective communication campaigns. However, since orthopoxvirus infections so far have attracted low attention, due to the eradication of smallpox 40 years ago, and to the confinement of human monkeypox almost exclusively to endemic areas, several unresolved issues concerning natural history, ecology and pathogenesis remain. To this respect, we identified some open questions and reviewed the relevant literature on monkeypoxvirus and/or related orthopoxviruses. The results will be discussed in the perspective of their relevance to public health decisions, particularly those related to non-pharmacological interventions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:03:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-753a5ce2415f43ffae79cd28cdab88a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:03:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-753a5ce2415f43ffae79cd28cdab88a72022-12-22T04:03:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882022-09-011210.3389/fcimb.2022.10059551005955Monkeypox 2022 outbreak in non-endemic countries: Open questions relevant for public health, nonpharmacological intervention and literature reviewMaria Rosaria Capobianchi0Maria Rosaria Capobianchi1Antonino Di Caro2Antonino Di Caro3Chiara Piubelli4Antonio Mori5Zeno Bisoffi6Concetta Castilletti7Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, ItalySaint Camillus International Medical University, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, ItalySaint Camillus International Medical University, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, ItalyDepartment of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, ItalyDepartment of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, ItalyDepartment of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, ItalyStarting from mid-May 2022, cases of human monkeypox started to rise in several non-endemic countries. By mid-July, more than 17000 confirmed/suspect cases have been reported by at least 82 countries worldwide, with a regular incremental trend. In order to contain the disease diffusion, risk evaluation is crucial to undertake informed decisions and effective communication campaigns. However, since orthopoxvirus infections so far have attracted low attention, due to the eradication of smallpox 40 years ago, and to the confinement of human monkeypox almost exclusively to endemic areas, several unresolved issues concerning natural history, ecology and pathogenesis remain. To this respect, we identified some open questions and reviewed the relevant literature on monkeypoxvirus and/or related orthopoxviruses. The results will be discussed in the perspective of their relevance to public health decisions, particularly those related to non-pharmacological interventions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.1005955/fullmonkeypoxprevention measuresseroepidemiologysubclinical infectionanimal reservoirspillover |
| spellingShingle | Maria Rosaria Capobianchi Maria Rosaria Capobianchi Antonino Di Caro Antonino Di Caro Chiara Piubelli Antonio Mori Zeno Bisoffi Concetta Castilletti Monkeypox 2022 outbreak in non-endemic countries: Open questions relevant for public health, nonpharmacological intervention and literature review Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology monkeypox prevention measures seroepidemiology subclinical infection animal reservoir spillover |
| title | Monkeypox 2022 outbreak in non-endemic countries: Open questions relevant for public health, nonpharmacological intervention and literature review |
| title_full | Monkeypox 2022 outbreak in non-endemic countries: Open questions relevant for public health, nonpharmacological intervention and literature review |
| title_fullStr | Monkeypox 2022 outbreak in non-endemic countries: Open questions relevant for public health, nonpharmacological intervention and literature review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monkeypox 2022 outbreak in non-endemic countries: Open questions relevant for public health, nonpharmacological intervention and literature review |
| title_short | Monkeypox 2022 outbreak in non-endemic countries: Open questions relevant for public health, nonpharmacological intervention and literature review |
| title_sort | monkeypox 2022 outbreak in non endemic countries open questions relevant for public health nonpharmacological intervention and literature review |
| topic | monkeypox prevention measures seroepidemiology subclinical infection animal reservoir spillover |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.1005955/full |
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