Radiographic Visibility Limit of Pores in Metal Powder for Additive Manufacturing
The quality of additively manufactured (AM) parts is determined by the applied process parameters used and the properties of the feedstock powder. The influence of inner gas pores in feedstock particles on the final AM product is a phenomenon which is difficult to investigate since very few non-dest...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Metals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/12/1634 |
| _version_ | 1797545667197927424 |
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| author | Gerd-Rüdiger Jaenisch Uwe Ewert Anja Waske Alexander Funk |
| author_facet | Gerd-Rüdiger Jaenisch Uwe Ewert Anja Waske Alexander Funk |
| author_sort | Gerd-Rüdiger Jaenisch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The quality of additively manufactured (AM) parts is determined by the applied process parameters used and the properties of the feedstock powder. The influence of inner gas pores in feedstock particles on the final AM product is a phenomenon which is difficult to investigate since very few non-destructive measurement techniques are accurate enough to resolve the micropores. 3D X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is increasingly applied during the process chain of AM parts as a non-destructive monitoring and quality control tool and it is able to detect most of the pores. However, XCT is time-consuming and limited to small amounts of feedstock powder, typically a few milligrams. The aim of the presented approach is to investigate digital radiography of AM feedstock particles as a simple and fast quality check with high throughput. 2D digital radiographs were simulated in order to predict the visibility of pores inside metallic particles for different pore and particle diameters. An experimental validation was performed. It was demonstrated numerically and experimentally that typical gas pores above a certain size (here: 3 to 4.4 µm for the selected X-ray setup), which could be found in metallic microparticles, were reliably detected by digital radiography. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:18:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-753ae0c22270497d9e6013a00ff6940a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:18:29Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-753ae0c22270497d9e6013a00ff6940a2023-11-20T23:33:44ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012020-12-011012163410.3390/met10121634Radiographic Visibility Limit of Pores in Metal Powder for Additive ManufacturingGerd-Rüdiger Jaenisch0Uwe Ewert1Anja Waske2Alexander Funk3Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, GermanyKOWOTEST GmbH, Solinger Straße 186, D-40764 Langenfeld, GermanyBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, GermanyBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, GermanyThe quality of additively manufactured (AM) parts is determined by the applied process parameters used and the properties of the feedstock powder. The influence of inner gas pores in feedstock particles on the final AM product is a phenomenon which is difficult to investigate since very few non-destructive measurement techniques are accurate enough to resolve the micropores. 3D X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is increasingly applied during the process chain of AM parts as a non-destructive monitoring and quality control tool and it is able to detect most of the pores. However, XCT is time-consuming and limited to small amounts of feedstock powder, typically a few milligrams. The aim of the presented approach is to investigate digital radiography of AM feedstock particles as a simple and fast quality check with high throughput. 2D digital radiographs were simulated in order to predict the visibility of pores inside metallic particles for different pore and particle diameters. An experimental validation was performed. It was demonstrated numerically and experimentally that typical gas pores above a certain size (here: 3 to 4.4 µm for the selected X-ray setup), which could be found in metallic microparticles, were reliably detected by digital radiography.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/12/1634additive manufacturingfeedstock powderporosityradiographydigital detector arraynumerical simulation |
| spellingShingle | Gerd-Rüdiger Jaenisch Uwe Ewert Anja Waske Alexander Funk Radiographic Visibility Limit of Pores in Metal Powder for Additive Manufacturing Metals additive manufacturing feedstock powder porosity radiography digital detector array numerical simulation |
| title | Radiographic Visibility Limit of Pores in Metal Powder for Additive Manufacturing |
| title_full | Radiographic Visibility Limit of Pores in Metal Powder for Additive Manufacturing |
| title_fullStr | Radiographic Visibility Limit of Pores in Metal Powder for Additive Manufacturing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Radiographic Visibility Limit of Pores in Metal Powder for Additive Manufacturing |
| title_short | Radiographic Visibility Limit of Pores in Metal Powder for Additive Manufacturing |
| title_sort | radiographic visibility limit of pores in metal powder for additive manufacturing |
| topic | additive manufacturing feedstock powder porosity radiography digital detector array numerical simulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/12/1634 |
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