<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cell Wall Phenotypic Changes Associated with Biofilm Maturation and Water Availability: A Key Contributing Factor for Chlorine Resistance
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> biofilms are resistant to both antibiotics and disinfectants. As <i>Staphylococci</i> cell walls are an important defence mechanism, we sought to examine changes to the bacterial cell wall under different growth conditions. Cell walls of <i>...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4983 |
| _version_ | 1797615090953879552 |
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| author | Farhana Parvin Md. Arifur Rahman Anand K. Deva Karen Vickery Honghua Hu |
| author_facet | Farhana Parvin Md. Arifur Rahman Anand K. Deva Karen Vickery Honghua Hu |
| author_sort | Farhana Parvin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> biofilms are resistant to both antibiotics and disinfectants. As <i>Staphylococci</i> cell walls are an important defence mechanism, we sought to examine changes to the bacterial cell wall under different growth conditions. Cell walls of <i>S. aureus</i> grown as 3-day hydrated biofilm, 12-day hydrated biofilm, and 12-day dry surface biofilm (DSB) were compared to cell walls of planktonic organisms. Additionally, proteomic analysis using high-throughput tandem mass tag-based mass spectrometry was performed. Proteins involved in cell wall synthesis in biofilms were upregulated in comparison to planktonic growth. Bacterial cell wall width (measured by transmission electron microscopy) and peptidoglycan production (detected using a silkworm larva plasma system) increased with biofilm culture duration (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and dehydration (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Similarly, disinfectant tolerance was greatest in DSB, followed by 12-day hydrated biofilm and then 3-day biofilm, and it was least in the planktonic bacteria––suggesting that changes to the cell wall may be a key factor for <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm biocide resistance. Our findings shed light on possible new targets to combat biofilm-related infections and hospital dry surface biofilms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:21:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-753e3fe8ec534d14812d1e755612570d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:21:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-753e3fe8ec534d14812d1e755612570d2023-11-17T07:56:08ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-03-01245498310.3390/ijms24054983<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cell Wall Phenotypic Changes Associated with Biofilm Maturation and Water Availability: A Key Contributing Factor for Chlorine ResistanceFarhana Parvin0Md. Arifur Rahman1Anand K. Deva2Karen Vickery3Honghua Hu4Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, AustraliaMacquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, AustraliaMacquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, AustraliaMacquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, AustraliaMacquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> biofilms are resistant to both antibiotics and disinfectants. As <i>Staphylococci</i> cell walls are an important defence mechanism, we sought to examine changes to the bacterial cell wall under different growth conditions. Cell walls of <i>S. aureus</i> grown as 3-day hydrated biofilm, 12-day hydrated biofilm, and 12-day dry surface biofilm (DSB) were compared to cell walls of planktonic organisms. Additionally, proteomic analysis using high-throughput tandem mass tag-based mass spectrometry was performed. Proteins involved in cell wall synthesis in biofilms were upregulated in comparison to planktonic growth. Bacterial cell wall width (measured by transmission electron microscopy) and peptidoglycan production (detected using a silkworm larva plasma system) increased with biofilm culture duration (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and dehydration (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Similarly, disinfectant tolerance was greatest in DSB, followed by 12-day hydrated biofilm and then 3-day biofilm, and it was least in the planktonic bacteria––suggesting that changes to the cell wall may be a key factor for <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm biocide resistance. Our findings shed light on possible new targets to combat biofilm-related infections and hospital dry surface biofilms.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4983<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>biofilmcell wallpeptidoglycanbiocide resistancedisinfectant tolerance |
| spellingShingle | Farhana Parvin Md. Arifur Rahman Anand K. Deva Karen Vickery Honghua Hu <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cell Wall Phenotypic Changes Associated with Biofilm Maturation and Water Availability: A Key Contributing Factor for Chlorine Resistance International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> biofilm cell wall peptidoglycan biocide resistance disinfectant tolerance |
| title | <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cell Wall Phenotypic Changes Associated with Biofilm Maturation and Water Availability: A Key Contributing Factor for Chlorine Resistance |
| title_full | <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cell Wall Phenotypic Changes Associated with Biofilm Maturation and Water Availability: A Key Contributing Factor for Chlorine Resistance |
| title_fullStr | <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cell Wall Phenotypic Changes Associated with Biofilm Maturation and Water Availability: A Key Contributing Factor for Chlorine Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cell Wall Phenotypic Changes Associated with Biofilm Maturation and Water Availability: A Key Contributing Factor for Chlorine Resistance |
| title_short | <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cell Wall Phenotypic Changes Associated with Biofilm Maturation and Water Availability: A Key Contributing Factor for Chlorine Resistance |
| title_sort | i staphylococcus aureus i cell wall phenotypic changes associated with biofilm maturation and water availability a key contributing factor for chlorine resistance |
| topic | <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> biofilm cell wall peptidoglycan biocide resistance disinfectant tolerance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4983 |
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