Streptomycetes as Microbial Cell Factories for the Biotechnological Production of Melanin
Melanins are complex, polymeric pigments with interesting properties like UV-light absorbance ability, metal ion chelation capacity, antimicrobial action, redox behaviors, and scavenging properties. Based on these characteristics, melanins might be applied in different industrial fields like food pa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/5/3013 |
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| author | Talayeh Kordjazi Loredana Mariniello Concetta Valeria Lucia Giosafatto Raffaele Porta Odile Francesca Restaino |
| author_facet | Talayeh Kordjazi Loredana Mariniello Concetta Valeria Lucia Giosafatto Raffaele Porta Odile Francesca Restaino |
| author_sort | Talayeh Kordjazi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Melanins are complex, polymeric pigments with interesting properties like UV-light absorbance ability, metal ion chelation capacity, antimicrobial action, redox behaviors, and scavenging properties. Based on these characteristics, melanins might be applied in different industrial fields like food packaging, environmental bioremediation, and bioelectronic fields. The actual melanin manufacturing process is not environmentally friendly as it is based on extraction and purification from cuttlefish. Synthetic melanin is available on the market, but it is more expensive than animal-sourced pigment and it requires long chemical procedures. The biotechnological production of microbial melanin, instead, might be a valid alternative. Streptomycetes synthesize melanins as pigments and as extracellular products. In this review, the melanin biotechnological production processes by different <i>Streptomyces</i> strains have been revised according to papers in the literature. The different fermentation strategies to increase melanin production such as the optimization of growth conditions and medium composition or the use of raw sources as growth substrates are here described. Diverse downstream purification processes are also reported as well as all the different analytical methods used to characterize the melanin produced by <i>Streptomyces</i> strains before its application in different fields. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:27:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7546c16665b84732b5d297ab5a3a2ac2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:27:46Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-7546c16665b84732b5d297ab5a3a2ac22024-03-12T16:47:15ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672024-03-01255301310.3390/ijms25053013Streptomycetes as Microbial Cell Factories for the Biotechnological Production of MelaninTalayeh Kordjazi0Loredana Mariniello1Concetta Valeria Lucia Giosafatto2Raffaele Porta3Odile Francesca Restaino4Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, ItalyMelanins are complex, polymeric pigments with interesting properties like UV-light absorbance ability, metal ion chelation capacity, antimicrobial action, redox behaviors, and scavenging properties. Based on these characteristics, melanins might be applied in different industrial fields like food packaging, environmental bioremediation, and bioelectronic fields. The actual melanin manufacturing process is not environmentally friendly as it is based on extraction and purification from cuttlefish. Synthetic melanin is available on the market, but it is more expensive than animal-sourced pigment and it requires long chemical procedures. The biotechnological production of microbial melanin, instead, might be a valid alternative. Streptomycetes synthesize melanins as pigments and as extracellular products. In this review, the melanin biotechnological production processes by different <i>Streptomyces</i> strains have been revised according to papers in the literature. The different fermentation strategies to increase melanin production such as the optimization of growth conditions and medium composition or the use of raw sources as growth substrates are here described. Diverse downstream purification processes are also reported as well as all the different analytical methods used to characterize the melanin produced by <i>Streptomyces</i> strains before its application in different fields.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/5/3013antimicrobialantioxidantheavy metal chelationmelaninpigment<i>Streptomyces</i> |
| spellingShingle | Talayeh Kordjazi Loredana Mariniello Concetta Valeria Lucia Giosafatto Raffaele Porta Odile Francesca Restaino Streptomycetes as Microbial Cell Factories for the Biotechnological Production of Melanin International Journal of Molecular Sciences antimicrobial antioxidant heavy metal chelation melanin pigment <i>Streptomyces</i> |
| title | Streptomycetes as Microbial Cell Factories for the Biotechnological Production of Melanin |
| title_full | Streptomycetes as Microbial Cell Factories for the Biotechnological Production of Melanin |
| title_fullStr | Streptomycetes as Microbial Cell Factories for the Biotechnological Production of Melanin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Streptomycetes as Microbial Cell Factories for the Biotechnological Production of Melanin |
| title_short | Streptomycetes as Microbial Cell Factories for the Biotechnological Production of Melanin |
| title_sort | streptomycetes as microbial cell factories for the biotechnological production of melanin |
| topic | antimicrobial antioxidant heavy metal chelation melanin pigment <i>Streptomyces</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/5/3013 |
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