Comparative survival analyses among captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in America and Japan
Detailed, long-term datasets on the life histories of long-lived species such as great apes are necessary to understand their survival patterns but are relatively rare. Such information requires prolonged and consistent record-keeping over many generations, so for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), this...
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PeerJ Inc.
2021-08-01
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| author | Judy Che-Castaldo Kristin Havercamp Koshiro Watanuki Tetsuro Matsuzawa Satoshi Hirata Stephen R. Ross |
| author_facet | Judy Che-Castaldo Kristin Havercamp Koshiro Watanuki Tetsuro Matsuzawa Satoshi Hirata Stephen R. Ross |
| author_sort | Judy Che-Castaldo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Detailed, long-term datasets on the life histories of long-lived species such as great apes are necessary to understand their survival patterns but are relatively rare. Such information requires prolonged and consistent record-keeping over many generations, so for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), this equates to many decades of input. As life history variables can be altered by differences in environmental influences (whether natural or artificial), there is substantial value to being able to compare across populations. Here, we present the first comparative analysis of life history data for two ex situ chimpanzee populations residing in North America (1975–2020; n = 730) and Japan (1980–2020; n = 660). Overall, survival patterns were similar between regions, and the median life expectancy from birth is estimated at 35.7 (95% CI = [32.4–40.0]) years for females and 30.1 (27.3–34.3) years for males across both populations. Females who survive to their first birthday are estimated to survive 42.4 (40.0–46.3) years and males 35.5 (32.6–38.0) years. We found that birth type (wild-born or captive-born) did not influence survival patterns in either population, but there were differential effects of sex on longevity. In the America population, males had higher mortality rates than females, whereas in the Japan population we found no differences between the sexes. First year mortality did not differ between populations for males (18–20%), but for females it was lower in America (15%) compared to Japan (25%). Survival patterns of chimpanzees in the present study will be useful for future investigation into potential causes of regional differences and cross-species comparisons. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:07:21Z |
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| id | doaj.art-75483640c9c247daac90422ec5b754bc |
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| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:07:21Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-75483640c9c247daac90422ec5b754bc2023-12-03T09:28:38ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592021-08-019e1191310.7717/peerj.11913Comparative survival analyses among captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in America and JapanJudy Che-Castaldo0Kristin Havercamp1Koshiro Watanuki2Tetsuro Matsuzawa3Satoshi Hirata4Stephen R. Ross5Alexander Center for Applied Population Biology, Conservation & Science Department, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, United StatesWildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanWildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanChubu Gakuin University, Gifu, JapanWildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanLester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, United StatesDetailed, long-term datasets on the life histories of long-lived species such as great apes are necessary to understand their survival patterns but are relatively rare. Such information requires prolonged and consistent record-keeping over many generations, so for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), this equates to many decades of input. As life history variables can be altered by differences in environmental influences (whether natural or artificial), there is substantial value to being able to compare across populations. Here, we present the first comparative analysis of life history data for two ex situ chimpanzee populations residing in North America (1975–2020; n = 730) and Japan (1980–2020; n = 660). Overall, survival patterns were similar between regions, and the median life expectancy from birth is estimated at 35.7 (95% CI = [32.4–40.0]) years for females and 30.1 (27.3–34.3) years for males across both populations. Females who survive to their first birthday are estimated to survive 42.4 (40.0–46.3) years and males 35.5 (32.6–38.0) years. We found that birth type (wild-born or captive-born) did not influence survival patterns in either population, but there were differential effects of sex on longevity. In the America population, males had higher mortality rates than females, whereas in the Japan population we found no differences between the sexes. First year mortality did not differ between populations for males (18–20%), but for females it was lower in America (15%) compared to Japan (25%). Survival patterns of chimpanzees in the present study will be useful for future investigation into potential causes of regional differences and cross-species comparisons.https://peerj.com/articles/11913.pdfChimpanzeeSurvival analysesLife tableLongevityMortalityLife history |
| spellingShingle | Judy Che-Castaldo Kristin Havercamp Koshiro Watanuki Tetsuro Matsuzawa Satoshi Hirata Stephen R. Ross Comparative survival analyses among captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in America and Japan PeerJ Chimpanzee Survival analyses Life table Longevity Mortality Life history |
| title | Comparative survival analyses among captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in America and Japan |
| title_full | Comparative survival analyses among captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in America and Japan |
| title_fullStr | Comparative survival analyses among captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in America and Japan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative survival analyses among captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in America and Japan |
| title_short | Comparative survival analyses among captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in America and Japan |
| title_sort | comparative survival analyses among captive chimpanzees pan troglodytes in america and japan |
| topic | Chimpanzee Survival analyses Life table Longevity Mortality Life history |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/11913.pdf |
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