Antioxidant Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Their Biocompatibility and Bioactive Properties
A lot of nanomaterials have been applied to various nano-biotechnological fields, such as contrast agents, drug or gene delivery systems, cosmetics, and so on. Despite the expanding usage of nanomaterials, concerns persist regarding their potential toxicity. To address this issue, many scientists ha...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/21/15901 |
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| author | Jaewook Lee Ji-Heon Lee Seung-Yeul Lee Sin A Park Jae Hoon Kim Dajeong Hwang Kyung A Kim Han Sang Kim |
| author_facet | Jaewook Lee Ji-Heon Lee Seung-Yeul Lee Sin A Park Jae Hoon Kim Dajeong Hwang Kyung A Kim Han Sang Kim |
| author_sort | Jaewook Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A lot of nanomaterials have been applied to various nano-biotechnological fields, such as contrast agents, drug or gene delivery systems, cosmetics, and so on. Despite the expanding usage of nanomaterials, concerns persist regarding their potential toxicity. To address this issue, many scientists have tried to develop biocompatible nanomaterials containing phytochemicals as a promising solution. In this study, we synthesized biocompatible nanomaterials by using gallic acid (GA), which is a phytochemical, and coating it onto the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). Importantly, the GA-modified iron oxide nanoparticles (GA-IONPs) were successfully prepared through environmentally friendly methods, avoiding the use of harmful reagents and extreme conditions. The presence of GA on the surface of IONPs improved their stability and bioactive properties. In addition, cell viability assays proved that GA-IONPs possessed excellent biocompatibility in human dermal papilla cells (HDPCs). Additionally, GA-IONPs showed antioxidant activity, which reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in an oxidative stress model induced by hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). To investigate the impact of GA-IONPs on exosome secretions from oxidative stress-induced cells, we analyzed the number and characteristics of exosomes in the culture media of HDPCs after H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> stimulation or GA-IONP treatment. Our analysis revealed that both the number and proportions of tetraspanins (CD9, CD81, and CD63) in exosomes were similar in the control group and the GA-IONP-treated groups. In contrast, exosome secretion was increased, and the proportion of tetraspanin was changed in the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-treated group compared to the control group. It demonstrated that treatment with GA-IONPs effectively attenuated exosome secretion induced by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, this GA-IONP exhibited outstanding promise for applications in the field of nanobiotechnology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:27:21Z |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:27:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-754f6841ba9446658741292d8f29c8fe2023-11-10T15:05:43ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-11-0124211590110.3390/ijms242115901Antioxidant Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Their Biocompatibility and Bioactive PropertiesJaewook Lee0Ji-Heon Lee1Seung-Yeul Lee2Sin A Park3Jae Hoon Kim4Dajeong Hwang5Kyung A Kim6Han Sang Kim7Research Institute for Biomolecular Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea4D Convergence Technology Institute (National Key Technology Institute in University), Korea National University of Transportation, Jungpyeong 27909, Republic of KoreaGenomictree, Inc., 44-6 10-ro Techno, Daejeon 34027, Republic of KoreaGenomictree, Inc., 44-6 10-ro Techno, Daejeon 34027, Republic of KoreaGenomictree, Inc., 44-6 10-ro Techno, Daejeon 34027, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of KoreaYonsei Cancer Center, Seoul 30722, Republic of KoreaYonsei Cancer Center, Seoul 30722, Republic of KoreaA lot of nanomaterials have been applied to various nano-biotechnological fields, such as contrast agents, drug or gene delivery systems, cosmetics, and so on. Despite the expanding usage of nanomaterials, concerns persist regarding their potential toxicity. To address this issue, many scientists have tried to develop biocompatible nanomaterials containing phytochemicals as a promising solution. In this study, we synthesized biocompatible nanomaterials by using gallic acid (GA), which is a phytochemical, and coating it onto the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). Importantly, the GA-modified iron oxide nanoparticles (GA-IONPs) were successfully prepared through environmentally friendly methods, avoiding the use of harmful reagents and extreme conditions. The presence of GA on the surface of IONPs improved their stability and bioactive properties. In addition, cell viability assays proved that GA-IONPs possessed excellent biocompatibility in human dermal papilla cells (HDPCs). Additionally, GA-IONPs showed antioxidant activity, which reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in an oxidative stress model induced by hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). To investigate the impact of GA-IONPs on exosome secretions from oxidative stress-induced cells, we analyzed the number and characteristics of exosomes in the culture media of HDPCs after H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> stimulation or GA-IONP treatment. Our analysis revealed that both the number and proportions of tetraspanins (CD9, CD81, and CD63) in exosomes were similar in the control group and the GA-IONP-treated groups. In contrast, exosome secretion was increased, and the proportion of tetraspanin was changed in the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-treated group compared to the control group. It demonstrated that treatment with GA-IONPs effectively attenuated exosome secretion induced by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, this GA-IONP exhibited outstanding promise for applications in the field of nanobiotechnology.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/21/15901iron oxideantioxidant iron oxidegallic acidbiocompatibilityantioxidant effectnanomaterials |
| spellingShingle | Jaewook Lee Ji-Heon Lee Seung-Yeul Lee Sin A Park Jae Hoon Kim Dajeong Hwang Kyung A Kim Han Sang Kim Antioxidant Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Their Biocompatibility and Bioactive Properties International Journal of Molecular Sciences iron oxide antioxidant iron oxide gallic acid biocompatibility antioxidant effect nanomaterials |
| title | Antioxidant Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Their Biocompatibility and Bioactive Properties |
| title_full | Antioxidant Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Their Biocompatibility and Bioactive Properties |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidant Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Their Biocompatibility and Bioactive Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidant Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Their Biocompatibility and Bioactive Properties |
| title_short | Antioxidant Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Their Biocompatibility and Bioactive Properties |
| title_sort | antioxidant iron oxide nanoparticles their biocompatibility and bioactive properties |
| topic | iron oxide antioxidant iron oxide gallic acid biocompatibility antioxidant effect nanomaterials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/21/15901 |
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