Influence of Catalyst Content and Epoxy/Carboxylate Ratio on Isothermal Creep of Epoxy Vitrimers
In the present work, a commercial epoxy based on epoxy anhydride and tertiary amine was modified by a metallic catalyst (Zn<sup>2+</sup>) to induce vitrimeric behavior by promoting the transesterification reaction. The effect of two different epoxy/acid ratios (1 and 0.6) at two differen...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/18/3845 |
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| author | Barbara Palmieri Fabrizia Cilento Eugenio Amendola Teodoro Valente Stefania Dello Iacono Michele Giordano Alfonso Martone |
| author_facet | Barbara Palmieri Fabrizia Cilento Eugenio Amendola Teodoro Valente Stefania Dello Iacono Michele Giordano Alfonso Martone |
| author_sort | Barbara Palmieri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the present work, a commercial epoxy based on epoxy anhydride and tertiary amine was modified by a metallic catalyst (Zn<sup>2+</sup>) to induce vitrimeric behavior by promoting the transesterification reaction. The effect of two different epoxy/acid ratios (1 and 0.6) at two different zinc acetate amounts (Zn(Ac)<sub>2</sub>) on the thermomechanical and viscoelastic performances of the epoxy vitrimers were investigated. Creep experiments showed an increase in molecular mobility above the critical “Vitrimeric” temperature (T<sub>v</sub>) of 170 °C proportionally to the amount of Zn(Ac)<sub>2</sub>. A procedure based on Burger’s model was set up to investigate the effect of catalyst content on the vitrimer ability to flow as the effect of the dynamic exchange reaction. The analysis showed that in the case of a balanced epoxy/acid formulation, the amount of catalyst needed for promoting molecular mobility is 5%. This system showed a value of elastic modulus and dynamic viscosity at 170 °C of 9.50 MPa and 2.23 GPas, respectively. The material was easily thermoformed in compression molding, paving the way for the recyclability and weldability of the thermoset system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:11:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-75514068f5b04934958d0ca56c7839ae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:11:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-75514068f5b04934958d0ca56c7839ae2023-11-19T12:36:39ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-09-011518384510.3390/polym15183845Influence of Catalyst Content and Epoxy/Carboxylate Ratio on Isothermal Creep of Epoxy VitrimersBarbara Palmieri0Fabrizia Cilento1Eugenio Amendola2Teodoro Valente3Stefania Dello Iacono4Michele Giordano5Alfonso Martone6Institute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy, 80055 Portici, ItalyInstitute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy, 80055 Portici, ItalyInstitute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy, 80055 Portici, ItalyAgenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, ItalyInstitute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy, 80055 Portici, ItalyInstitute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy, 80055 Portici, ItalyInstitute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy, 80055 Portici, ItalyIn the present work, a commercial epoxy based on epoxy anhydride and tertiary amine was modified by a metallic catalyst (Zn<sup>2+</sup>) to induce vitrimeric behavior by promoting the transesterification reaction. The effect of two different epoxy/acid ratios (1 and 0.6) at two different zinc acetate amounts (Zn(Ac)<sub>2</sub>) on the thermomechanical and viscoelastic performances of the epoxy vitrimers were investigated. Creep experiments showed an increase in molecular mobility above the critical “Vitrimeric” temperature (T<sub>v</sub>) of 170 °C proportionally to the amount of Zn(Ac)<sub>2</sub>. A procedure based on Burger’s model was set up to investigate the effect of catalyst content on the vitrimer ability to flow as the effect of the dynamic exchange reaction. The analysis showed that in the case of a balanced epoxy/acid formulation, the amount of catalyst needed for promoting molecular mobility is 5%. This system showed a value of elastic modulus and dynamic viscosity at 170 °C of 9.50 MPa and 2.23 GPas, respectively. The material was easily thermoformed in compression molding, paving the way for the recyclability and weldability of the thermoset system.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/18/3845compression moldingvitrimermultifunctional compositesepoxy matrix |
| spellingShingle | Barbara Palmieri Fabrizia Cilento Eugenio Amendola Teodoro Valente Stefania Dello Iacono Michele Giordano Alfonso Martone Influence of Catalyst Content and Epoxy/Carboxylate Ratio on Isothermal Creep of Epoxy Vitrimers Polymers compression molding vitrimer multifunctional composites epoxy matrix |
| title | Influence of Catalyst Content and Epoxy/Carboxylate Ratio on Isothermal Creep of Epoxy Vitrimers |
| title_full | Influence of Catalyst Content and Epoxy/Carboxylate Ratio on Isothermal Creep of Epoxy Vitrimers |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Catalyst Content and Epoxy/Carboxylate Ratio on Isothermal Creep of Epoxy Vitrimers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Catalyst Content and Epoxy/Carboxylate Ratio on Isothermal Creep of Epoxy Vitrimers |
| title_short | Influence of Catalyst Content and Epoxy/Carboxylate Ratio on Isothermal Creep of Epoxy Vitrimers |
| title_sort | influence of catalyst content and epoxy carboxylate ratio on isothermal creep of epoxy vitrimers |
| topic | compression molding vitrimer multifunctional composites epoxy matrix |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/18/3845 |
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