An integrated open-coastal biogeochemistry, ecosystem and biodiversity observatory of the eastern Mediterranean – the Cretan Sea component of the POSEIDON system
<p>There is a general scarcity of oceanic observations that concurrently examine air–sea interactions, coastal–open-ocean processes and physical–biogeochemical processes, in appropriate spatiotemporal scales and under continuous, long-term data acquisition schemes. In the Mediterranean Se...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2018-10-01
|
| Series: | Ocean Science |
| Online Access: | https://www.ocean-sci.net/14/1223/2018/os-14-1223-2018.pdf |
| _version_ | 1830460286715297792 |
|---|---|
| author | G. Petihakis L. Perivoliotis G. Korres D. Ballas C. Frangoulis P. Pagonis M. Ntoumas M. Pettas A. Chalkiopoulos M. Sotiropoulou M. Bekiari A. Kalampokis M. Ravdas E. Bourma S. Christodoulaki A. Zacharioudaki D. Kassis E. Potiris E. Potiris G. Triantafyllou K. Tsiaras E. Krasakopoulou E. Krasakopoulou S. Velanas N. Zisis |
| author_facet | G. Petihakis L. Perivoliotis G. Korres D. Ballas C. Frangoulis P. Pagonis M. Ntoumas M. Pettas A. Chalkiopoulos M. Sotiropoulou M. Bekiari A. Kalampokis M. Ravdas E. Bourma S. Christodoulaki A. Zacharioudaki D. Kassis E. Potiris E. Potiris G. Triantafyllou K. Tsiaras E. Krasakopoulou E. Krasakopoulou S. Velanas N. Zisis |
| author_sort | G. Petihakis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>There is a general scarcity of oceanic observations that
concurrently examine air–sea interactions, coastal–open-ocean processes and
physical–biogeochemical processes, in appropriate spatiotemporal
scales and under continuous, long-term data acquisition schemes. In the
Mediterranean Sea, the resulting knowledge gaps and observing challenges
increase due to its oligotrophic character, especially in the eastern part
of the basin. The oligotrophic open Cretan Sea's biogeochemistry is
considered to be representative of a greater Mediterranean area up to
10<sup>6</sup> km<sup>2</sup>, and understanding its features may be useful on even
larger oceanic scales, since the Mediterranean Sea has been considered a
miniature model of the global ocean. The spatiotemporal coverage of biogeochemical (BGC)
observations in the Cretan Sea has progressively increased over the last
decades, especially since the creation of the POSEIDON observing system,
which has adopted a multiplatform, multivariable approach, supporting BGC
data acquisition. The current POSEIDON system's status includes open and
coastal sea fixed platforms, a Ferrybox (FB) system and Bio-Argo autonomous
floats that remotely deliver fluorescence as a proxy of chlorophyll-<i>a</i>
(Chl-<i>a</i>), O<sub>2</sub>, pH and <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> data, as well as BGC-related physical
variables. Since 2010, the list has been further expanded to other BGC
(nutrients, vertical particulate matter fluxes), ecosystem and biodiversity
(from viruses up to zooplankton) variables, thanks to the addition of
sediment traps, frequent research vessel (R/V) visits for seawater–plankton
sampling and an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) delivering
information on macrozooplankton–micronekton vertical migration (in the
epipelagic to mesopelagic layer). Gliders and drifters are the new (currently under
integration to the existing system) platforms, supporting BGC monitoring.
Land-based facilities, such as data centres, technical support
infrastructure, calibration laboratory and mesocosms, support and give added
value to the observatory. The data gathered from these platforms are used to
improve the quality of the BGC-ecosystem model predictions, which have
recently incorporated atmospheric nutrient deposition processes and
assimilation of satellite Chl-<i>a</i> data. Besides addressing open scientific
questions at regional and international levels, examples of which are
presented, the observatory provides user-oriented services to marine
policy makers and the society, and is a technological test bed for new
and/or cost-efficient BGC sensor technology and marine equipment. It is part
of European and international observing programs, playing a key role in
regional data handling and participating in harmonization and best practices
procedures. Future expansion plans consider the evolving scientific and
society priorities, balanced with sustainable management.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T11:08:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-755294939c474d1da5b47dc439f7b4de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1812-0784 1812-0792 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T11:08:12Z |
| publishDate | 2018-10-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ocean Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-755294939c474d1da5b47dc439f7b4de2022-12-21T19:06:09ZengCopernicus PublicationsOcean Science1812-07841812-07922018-10-01141223124510.5194/os-14-1223-2018An integrated open-coastal biogeochemistry, ecosystem and biodiversity observatory of the eastern Mediterranean – the Cretan Sea component of the POSEIDON systemG. Petihakis0L. Perivoliotis1G. Korres2D. Ballas3C. Frangoulis4P. Pagonis5M. Ntoumas6M. Pettas7A. Chalkiopoulos8M. Sotiropoulou9M. Bekiari10A. Kalampokis11M. Ravdas12E. Bourma13S. Christodoulaki14A. Zacharioudaki15D. Kassis16E. Potiris17E. Potiris18G. Triantafyllou19K. Tsiaras20E. Krasakopoulou21E. Krasakopoulou22S. Velanas23N. Zisis24Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, Greecepresent address: Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81132 Mytilene, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, Greecepresent address: Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81132 Mytilene, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 72100 Heraklion, Greece<p>There is a general scarcity of oceanic observations that concurrently examine air–sea interactions, coastal–open-ocean processes and physical–biogeochemical processes, in appropriate spatiotemporal scales and under continuous, long-term data acquisition schemes. In the Mediterranean Sea, the resulting knowledge gaps and observing challenges increase due to its oligotrophic character, especially in the eastern part of the basin. The oligotrophic open Cretan Sea's biogeochemistry is considered to be representative of a greater Mediterranean area up to 10<sup>6</sup> km<sup>2</sup>, and understanding its features may be useful on even larger oceanic scales, since the Mediterranean Sea has been considered a miniature model of the global ocean. The spatiotemporal coverage of biogeochemical (BGC) observations in the Cretan Sea has progressively increased over the last decades, especially since the creation of the POSEIDON observing system, which has adopted a multiplatform, multivariable approach, supporting BGC data acquisition. The current POSEIDON system's status includes open and coastal sea fixed platforms, a Ferrybox (FB) system and Bio-Argo autonomous floats that remotely deliver fluorescence as a proxy of chlorophyll-<i>a</i> (Chl-<i>a</i>), O<sub>2</sub>, pH and <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> data, as well as BGC-related physical variables. Since 2010, the list has been further expanded to other BGC (nutrients, vertical particulate matter fluxes), ecosystem and biodiversity (from viruses up to zooplankton) variables, thanks to the addition of sediment traps, frequent research vessel (R/V) visits for seawater–plankton sampling and an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) delivering information on macrozooplankton–micronekton vertical migration (in the epipelagic to mesopelagic layer). Gliders and drifters are the new (currently under integration to the existing system) platforms, supporting BGC monitoring. Land-based facilities, such as data centres, technical support infrastructure, calibration laboratory and mesocosms, support and give added value to the observatory. The data gathered from these platforms are used to improve the quality of the BGC-ecosystem model predictions, which have recently incorporated atmospheric nutrient deposition processes and assimilation of satellite Chl-<i>a</i> data. Besides addressing open scientific questions at regional and international levels, examples of which are presented, the observatory provides user-oriented services to marine policy makers and the society, and is a technological test bed for new and/or cost-efficient BGC sensor technology and marine equipment. It is part of European and international observing programs, playing a key role in regional data handling and participating in harmonization and best practices procedures. Future expansion plans consider the evolving scientific and society priorities, balanced with sustainable management.</p>https://www.ocean-sci.net/14/1223/2018/os-14-1223-2018.pdf |
| spellingShingle | G. Petihakis L. Perivoliotis G. Korres D. Ballas C. Frangoulis P. Pagonis M. Ntoumas M. Pettas A. Chalkiopoulos M. Sotiropoulou M. Bekiari A. Kalampokis M. Ravdas E. Bourma S. Christodoulaki A. Zacharioudaki D. Kassis E. Potiris E. Potiris G. Triantafyllou K. Tsiaras E. Krasakopoulou E. Krasakopoulou S. Velanas N. Zisis An integrated open-coastal biogeochemistry, ecosystem and biodiversity observatory of the eastern Mediterranean – the Cretan Sea component of the POSEIDON system Ocean Science |
| title | An integrated open-coastal biogeochemistry, ecosystem and biodiversity observatory of the eastern Mediterranean – the Cretan Sea component of the POSEIDON system |
| title_full | An integrated open-coastal biogeochemistry, ecosystem and biodiversity observatory of the eastern Mediterranean – the Cretan Sea component of the POSEIDON system |
| title_fullStr | An integrated open-coastal biogeochemistry, ecosystem and biodiversity observatory of the eastern Mediterranean – the Cretan Sea component of the POSEIDON system |
| title_full_unstemmed | An integrated open-coastal biogeochemistry, ecosystem and biodiversity observatory of the eastern Mediterranean – the Cretan Sea component of the POSEIDON system |
| title_short | An integrated open-coastal biogeochemistry, ecosystem and biodiversity observatory of the eastern Mediterranean – the Cretan Sea component of the POSEIDON system |
| title_sort | integrated open coastal biogeochemistry ecosystem and biodiversity observatory of the eastern mediterranean the cretan sea component of the poseidon system |
| url | https://www.ocean-sci.net/14/1223/2018/os-14-1223-2018.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gpetihakis anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT lperivoliotis anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT gkorres anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT dballas anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT cfrangoulis anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT ppagonis anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT mntoumas anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT mpettas anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT achalkiopoulos anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT msotiropoulou anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT mbekiari anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT akalampokis anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT mravdas anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT ebourma anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT schristodoulaki anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT azacharioudaki anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT dkassis anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT epotiris anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT epotiris anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT gtriantafyllou anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT ktsiaras anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT ekrasakopoulou anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT ekrasakopoulou anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT svelanas anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT nzisis anintegratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT gpetihakis integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT lperivoliotis integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT gkorres integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT dballas integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT cfrangoulis integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT ppagonis integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT mntoumas integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT mpettas integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT achalkiopoulos integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT msotiropoulou integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT mbekiari integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT akalampokis integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT mravdas integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT ebourma integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT schristodoulaki integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT azacharioudaki integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT dkassis integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT epotiris integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT epotiris integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT gtriantafyllou integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT ktsiaras integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT ekrasakopoulou integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT ekrasakopoulou integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT svelanas integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem AT nzisis integratedopencoastalbiogeochemistryecosystemandbiodiversityobservatoryoftheeasternmediterraneanthecretanseacomponentoftheposeidonsystem |