Using Nature to Nurture: Breast Milk Analysis and Fortification to Improve Growth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants
Premature infants are born prior to a critical window of rapid placental nutrient transfer and fetal growth—particularly brain development—that occurs during the third trimester of pregnancy. Subsequently, a large proportion of preterm neonates experience extrauterine growth failure and associated n...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/12/4307 |
| _version_ | 1797501844999634944 |
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| author | Katherine Marie Ottolini Elizabeth Vinson Schulz Catherine Limperopoulos Nickie Andescavage |
| author_facet | Katherine Marie Ottolini Elizabeth Vinson Schulz Catherine Limperopoulos Nickie Andescavage |
| author_sort | Katherine Marie Ottolini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Premature infants are born prior to a critical window of rapid placental nutrient transfer and fetal growth—particularly brain development—that occurs during the third trimester of pregnancy. Subsequently, a large proportion of preterm neonates experience extrauterine growth failure and associated neurodevelopmental impairments. Human milk (maternal or donor breast milk) is the recommended source of enteral nutrition for preterm infants, but requires additional fortification of macronutrient, micronutrient, and energy content to meet the nutritional demands of the preterm infant in attempts at replicating in utero nutrient accretion and growth rates. Traditional standardized fortification practices that add a fixed amount of multicomponent fortifier based on assumed breast milk composition do not take into account the considerable variations in breast milk content or individual neonatal metabolism. Emerging methods of individualized fortification—including targeted and adjusted fortification—show promise in improving postnatal growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:24:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-755a8dd95a1b46a6bbb3fb840997726b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:24:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-755a8dd95a1b46a6bbb3fb840997726b2023-11-23T09:55:53ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-11-011312430710.3390/nu13124307Using Nature to Nurture: Breast Milk Analysis and Fortification to Improve Growth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm InfantsKatherine Marie Ottolini0Elizabeth Vinson Schulz1Catherine Limperopoulos2Nickie Andescavage3Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USADepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USADepartment of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20037, USADeveloping Brain Research Laboratory, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USAPremature infants are born prior to a critical window of rapid placental nutrient transfer and fetal growth—particularly brain development—that occurs during the third trimester of pregnancy. Subsequently, a large proportion of preterm neonates experience extrauterine growth failure and associated neurodevelopmental impairments. Human milk (maternal or donor breast milk) is the recommended source of enteral nutrition for preterm infants, but requires additional fortification of macronutrient, micronutrient, and energy content to meet the nutritional demands of the preterm infant in attempts at replicating in utero nutrient accretion and growth rates. Traditional standardized fortification practices that add a fixed amount of multicomponent fortifier based on assumed breast milk composition do not take into account the considerable variations in breast milk content or individual neonatal metabolism. Emerging methods of individualized fortification—including targeted and adjusted fortification—show promise in improving postnatal growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/12/4307pretermbreast milkfortificationneurodevelopment |
| spellingShingle | Katherine Marie Ottolini Elizabeth Vinson Schulz Catherine Limperopoulos Nickie Andescavage Using Nature to Nurture: Breast Milk Analysis and Fortification to Improve Growth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants Nutrients preterm breast milk fortification neurodevelopment |
| title | Using Nature to Nurture: Breast Milk Analysis and Fortification to Improve Growth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants |
| title_full | Using Nature to Nurture: Breast Milk Analysis and Fortification to Improve Growth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants |
| title_fullStr | Using Nature to Nurture: Breast Milk Analysis and Fortification to Improve Growth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Using Nature to Nurture: Breast Milk Analysis and Fortification to Improve Growth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants |
| title_short | Using Nature to Nurture: Breast Milk Analysis and Fortification to Improve Growth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants |
| title_sort | using nature to nurture breast milk analysis and fortification to improve growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants |
| topic | preterm breast milk fortification neurodevelopment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/12/4307 |
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