Particles Emission from an Industrial Spray Coating Process Using Nano-Materials
Industrial spray coating processes are known to produce excellent coatings on large surfaces and are thus often used for in-line production. However, they could be one of the most critical sources of worker exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs). A monitoring campaign at the Witek s.r.l. (Florence,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/3/313 |
| _version_ | 1797485900296355840 |
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| author | Benedetta Del Secco Sara Trabucco Fabrizio Ravegnani Antti Joonas Koivisto Ilaria Zanoni Magda Blosi Simona Ortelli Marko Altin Gianni Bartolini Anna Luisa Costa Franco Belosi |
| author_facet | Benedetta Del Secco Sara Trabucco Fabrizio Ravegnani Antti Joonas Koivisto Ilaria Zanoni Magda Blosi Simona Ortelli Marko Altin Gianni Bartolini Anna Luisa Costa Franco Belosi |
| author_sort | Benedetta Del Secco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Industrial spray coating processes are known to produce excellent coatings on large surfaces and are thus often used for in-line production. However, they could be one of the most critical sources of worker exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs). A monitoring campaign at the Witek s.r.l. (Florence, Italy) was deployed to characterize the release of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs doped with nitrogen (TiO<sub>2</sub>-N) and Ag capped with hydroxyethyl cellulose (AgHEC) during automatic industrial spray-coating of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyester. Aerosol particles were characterized inside the spray chamber at near field (NF) and far field (FF) locations using on-line and off-line instruments. Results showed that TiO<sub>2</sub>-N suspension produced higher particle number concentrations than AgHEC in the size range 0.3–1 µm (on average 1.9 10<sup>2</sup> p/cm<sup>3</sup> and 2.5 10<sup>1</sup> p/cm<sup>3</sup>, respectively) after background removing. At FF, especially at worst case scenario (4 nozzles, 800 mL/min flow rate) for TiO<sub>2</sub>-N, the spray spikes were correlated with NF, with an observed time lag of 1 minute corresponding to a diffusion speed of 0.1 m/s. The averaged ratio between particles mass concentrations in the NF position and inside the spray chamber was 1.7% and 1.5% for TiO<sub>2</sub>-N and for AgHEC suspensions, respectively. The released particles’ number concentration of TiO<sub>2</sub>-N in the size particles range 0.3–1 µm was comparable for both PMMA and polyester substrates, about 1.5 and 1.6 10<sup>2</sup> p/cm<sup>3</sup>. In the size range 0.01–30 µm, the aerosol number concentration at NF for both suspensions was lower than the nano reference values (NRVs) of 16·10<sup>3</sup> p/cm<sup>-3</sup>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:25:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7573f55f4d324dc6a2a2dcef2189cf8d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:25:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-7573f55f4d324dc6a2a2dcef2189cf8d2023-11-23T17:18:43ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-01-0112331310.3390/nano12030313Particles Emission from an Industrial Spray Coating Process Using Nano-MaterialsBenedetta Del Secco0Sara Trabucco1Fabrizio Ravegnani2Antti Joonas Koivisto3Ilaria Zanoni4Magda Blosi5Simona Ortelli6Marko Altin7Gianni Bartolini8Anna Luisa Costa9Franco Belosi10CNR-ISAC, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate-National Research Council of Italy, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyCNR-ISAC, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate-National Research Council of Italy, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyCNR-ISAC, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate-National Research Council of Italy, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyAir Pollution Management APM, Mattilanmäki 38, 33610 Tampere, FinlandCNR-ISTEC, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council of Italy, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, ItalyCNR-ISTEC, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council of Italy, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, ItalyCNR-ISTEC, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council of Italy, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, ItalyWitek srl., Via Siena 47, 50142 Firenze, ItalyWitek srl., Via Siena 47, 50142 Firenze, ItalyCNR-ISTEC, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council of Italy, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, ItalyCNR-ISAC, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate-National Research Council of Italy, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyIndustrial spray coating processes are known to produce excellent coatings on large surfaces and are thus often used for in-line production. However, they could be one of the most critical sources of worker exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs). A monitoring campaign at the Witek s.r.l. (Florence, Italy) was deployed to characterize the release of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs doped with nitrogen (TiO<sub>2</sub>-N) and Ag capped with hydroxyethyl cellulose (AgHEC) during automatic industrial spray-coating of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyester. Aerosol particles were characterized inside the spray chamber at near field (NF) and far field (FF) locations using on-line and off-line instruments. Results showed that TiO<sub>2</sub>-N suspension produced higher particle number concentrations than AgHEC in the size range 0.3–1 µm (on average 1.9 10<sup>2</sup> p/cm<sup>3</sup> and 2.5 10<sup>1</sup> p/cm<sup>3</sup>, respectively) after background removing. At FF, especially at worst case scenario (4 nozzles, 800 mL/min flow rate) for TiO<sub>2</sub>-N, the spray spikes were correlated with NF, with an observed time lag of 1 minute corresponding to a diffusion speed of 0.1 m/s. The averaged ratio between particles mass concentrations in the NF position and inside the spray chamber was 1.7% and 1.5% for TiO<sub>2</sub>-N and for AgHEC suspensions, respectively. The released particles’ number concentration of TiO<sub>2</sub>-N in the size particles range 0.3–1 µm was comparable for both PMMA and polyester substrates, about 1.5 and 1.6 10<sup>2</sup> p/cm<sup>3</sup>. In the size range 0.01–30 µm, the aerosol number concentration at NF for both suspensions was lower than the nano reference values (NRVs) of 16·10<sup>3</sup> p/cm<sup>-3</sup>.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/3/313aerosolspray coatingnanoparticlesworker exposure |
| spellingShingle | Benedetta Del Secco Sara Trabucco Fabrizio Ravegnani Antti Joonas Koivisto Ilaria Zanoni Magda Blosi Simona Ortelli Marko Altin Gianni Bartolini Anna Luisa Costa Franco Belosi Particles Emission from an Industrial Spray Coating Process Using Nano-Materials Nanomaterials aerosol spray coating nanoparticles worker exposure |
| title | Particles Emission from an Industrial Spray Coating Process Using Nano-Materials |
| title_full | Particles Emission from an Industrial Spray Coating Process Using Nano-Materials |
| title_fullStr | Particles Emission from an Industrial Spray Coating Process Using Nano-Materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Particles Emission from an Industrial Spray Coating Process Using Nano-Materials |
| title_short | Particles Emission from an Industrial Spray Coating Process Using Nano-Materials |
| title_sort | particles emission from an industrial spray coating process using nano materials |
| topic | aerosol spray coating nanoparticles worker exposure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/3/313 |
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