Pediatric neuroimaging findings and clinical presentations of COVID-19: A systematic review
Objectives: Symptoms from SARS-CoV-2 infection can involve multiple organ systems. Several reviews discussed the neurologic involvement and neuroimaging findings in adults but research on children is lacking. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of neurologic involvement in patients diagnosed w...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971223007671 |
| _version_ | 1797390553574277120 |
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| author | Irene(Tai-Lin) Lee Po-Jen Lin Ho-Hsian Yen |
| author_facet | Irene(Tai-Lin) Lee Po-Jen Lin Ho-Hsian Yen |
| author_sort | Irene(Tai-Lin) Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: Symptoms from SARS-CoV-2 infection can involve multiple organ systems. Several reviews discussed the neurologic involvement and neuroimaging findings in adults but research on children is lacking. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of neurologic involvement in patients diagnosed with pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (PIMS-TS) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C); and also to summarize current literature on possible neuroimaging findings in SARS-CoV-2 infected children. Methods: A literature search in six electronic databases was performed to retrieve case series, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies on neurologic involvement in COVID-19 patients younger than 21 years of age published between December 2019 to September 2023, including COVID-19 patients. Results: A total of 2224 patients with MIS-C from 10 cohorts and cross-sectional studies suggested that neurologic involvement in these subsets ranges from 8.5% to 32.1%. Symptoms included acute encephalitis, seizures, stroke, cranial nerve palsy, nausea/vomiting, and intracranial hypertension. Neuroradiology findings of 114 children from 50 case reports included splenial or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like lesions, cytotoxic brain edema, autoimmune demyelinating diseases, ischemic stroke and arteritis, venous thrombosis, intracranial hemorrhage, meningitis, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor autoimmune encephalitis, acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, hydrocephalus, olfactory bulb atrophy, cerebellitis, and acute necrotizing encephalitis. Conclusion: Radiologic findings of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric population are diverse. Neuroimaging studies should be considered in critically ill patients to rule out neurologic involvement and facilitate early interventions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:13:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7587ca33251b4842a72a4f205dcd9a7a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1201-9712 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:13:30Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-7587ca33251b4842a72a4f205dcd9a7a2023-12-15T07:22:48ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Infectious Diseases1201-97122024-01-011382937Pediatric neuroimaging findings and clinical presentations of COVID-19: A systematic reviewIrene(Tai-Lin) Lee0Po-Jen Lin1Ho-Hsian Yen2Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USADepartment of Medicine, Nuvance Health Danbury Hospital, Danbury, CT, USADivision of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Corresponding author: Tel.: +886-289-667-000Objectives: Symptoms from SARS-CoV-2 infection can involve multiple organ systems. Several reviews discussed the neurologic involvement and neuroimaging findings in adults but research on children is lacking. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of neurologic involvement in patients diagnosed with pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (PIMS-TS) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C); and also to summarize current literature on possible neuroimaging findings in SARS-CoV-2 infected children. Methods: A literature search in six electronic databases was performed to retrieve case series, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies on neurologic involvement in COVID-19 patients younger than 21 years of age published between December 2019 to September 2023, including COVID-19 patients. Results: A total of 2224 patients with MIS-C from 10 cohorts and cross-sectional studies suggested that neurologic involvement in these subsets ranges from 8.5% to 32.1%. Symptoms included acute encephalitis, seizures, stroke, cranial nerve palsy, nausea/vomiting, and intracranial hypertension. Neuroradiology findings of 114 children from 50 case reports included splenial or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like lesions, cytotoxic brain edema, autoimmune demyelinating diseases, ischemic stroke and arteritis, venous thrombosis, intracranial hemorrhage, meningitis, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor autoimmune encephalitis, acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, hydrocephalus, olfactory bulb atrophy, cerebellitis, and acute necrotizing encephalitis. Conclusion: Radiologic findings of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric population are diverse. Neuroimaging studies should be considered in critically ill patients to rule out neurologic involvement and facilitate early interventions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971223007671COVID-19SARS-CoV-2ChildPediatricsNeuroimaging |
| spellingShingle | Irene(Tai-Lin) Lee Po-Jen Lin Ho-Hsian Yen Pediatric neuroimaging findings and clinical presentations of COVID-19: A systematic review International Journal of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Child Pediatrics Neuroimaging |
| title | Pediatric neuroimaging findings and clinical presentations of COVID-19: A systematic review |
| title_full | Pediatric neuroimaging findings and clinical presentations of COVID-19: A systematic review |
| title_fullStr | Pediatric neuroimaging findings and clinical presentations of COVID-19: A systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pediatric neuroimaging findings and clinical presentations of COVID-19: A systematic review |
| title_short | Pediatric neuroimaging findings and clinical presentations of COVID-19: A systematic review |
| title_sort | pediatric neuroimaging findings and clinical presentations of covid 19 a systematic review |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Child Pediatrics Neuroimaging |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971223007671 |
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