A Survey on the Oxidation Behavior of a Nickel-Based Alloy Used in Natural Gas Engine Exhaust Valve Seats
This study reports the oxidation behavior of a Ni-based alloy used in the manufacture of valve seats for automotive engine exhaust systems. Isothermal thermogravimetric analyses were carried out at temperatures of 660, 740, 860, and 900 °C under an oxygen atmosphere for up to 1 h. At 660 and 740 °C,...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/1/49 |
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| author | José Henrique Alano Renato Luiz Siqueira Claudio Beserra Martins Júnior Rodrigo Silva Guilherme dos Santos Vacchi Carlos Alberto Della Rovere |
| author_facet | José Henrique Alano Renato Luiz Siqueira Claudio Beserra Martins Júnior Rodrigo Silva Guilherme dos Santos Vacchi Carlos Alberto Della Rovere |
| author_sort | José Henrique Alano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study reports the oxidation behavior of a Ni-based alloy used in the manufacture of valve seats for automotive engine exhaust systems. Isothermal thermogravimetric analyses were carried out at temperatures of 660, 740, 860, and 900 °C under an oxygen atmosphere for up to 1 h. At 660 and 740 °C, only one stage was observed during the whole time studied. At this stage, the oxide layer was formed mainly by NiO + Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, following a linear oxidation law with a rate constant (<i>K</i><sub>l</sub>) on the order of magnitude of 10<sup>−6</sup> kg/m<sup>2</sup>s and an apparent activation energy (<i>E<sub>a</sub></i>) of ~47 kJ/mol. At 860 and 900 °C, an identical first stage was observed with a transition to a different stage. In the second stage, the oxidation layer was composed of Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and a parabolic oxidation law was followed with a rate constant (<i>K<sub>p</sub></i>) on the order of 10<sup>−8</sup> kg<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>4</sup>s and <i>E<sub>a</sub></i> of ~128 kJ/mol. Moreover, the Ni-based alloy formed a dense and compact oxide layer after oxidation, with no apparent cavities, pores, or microcracks. Characterization techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman Spectroscopy were carried out to characterize the formed oxide layer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:42:33Z |
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| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:42:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-7588a664da104678828899a269814cf12023-11-30T23:30:01ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012022-12-011314910.3390/met13010049A Survey on the Oxidation Behavior of a Nickel-Based Alloy Used in Natural Gas Engine Exhaust Valve SeatsJosé Henrique Alano0Renato Luiz Siqueira1Claudio Beserra Martins Júnior2Rodrigo Silva3Guilherme dos Santos Vacchi4Carlos Alberto Della Rovere5Engineering School, Federal University of Rio Grande, Avenida Itália, Rio Grande 96203-900, BrazilLatin American Institute of Technology, Infrastructure and Territory, Federal University of Latin American Integration, Avenida Tancredo Neves 6731, Foz do Iguaçu 85867-970, BrazilMunir Rachid Corrosion Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, São Carlos 13565-905, BrazilMunir Rachid Corrosion Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, São Carlos 13565-905, BrazilMunir Rachid Corrosion Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, São Carlos 13565-905, BrazilMunir Rachid Corrosion Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, São Carlos 13565-905, BrazilThis study reports the oxidation behavior of a Ni-based alloy used in the manufacture of valve seats for automotive engine exhaust systems. Isothermal thermogravimetric analyses were carried out at temperatures of 660, 740, 860, and 900 °C under an oxygen atmosphere for up to 1 h. At 660 and 740 °C, only one stage was observed during the whole time studied. At this stage, the oxide layer was formed mainly by NiO + Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, following a linear oxidation law with a rate constant (<i>K</i><sub>l</sub>) on the order of magnitude of 10<sup>−6</sup> kg/m<sup>2</sup>s and an apparent activation energy (<i>E<sub>a</sub></i>) of ~47 kJ/mol. At 860 and 900 °C, an identical first stage was observed with a transition to a different stage. In the second stage, the oxidation layer was composed of Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and a parabolic oxidation law was followed with a rate constant (<i>K<sub>p</sub></i>) on the order of 10<sup>−8</sup> kg<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>4</sup>s and <i>E<sub>a</sub></i> of ~128 kJ/mol. Moreover, the Ni-based alloy formed a dense and compact oxide layer after oxidation, with no apparent cavities, pores, or microcracks. Characterization techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman Spectroscopy were carried out to characterize the formed oxide layer.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/1/49isothermal oxidationnickel-based alloyoxidation kineticsthermogravimetric analysis |
| spellingShingle | José Henrique Alano Renato Luiz Siqueira Claudio Beserra Martins Júnior Rodrigo Silva Guilherme dos Santos Vacchi Carlos Alberto Della Rovere A Survey on the Oxidation Behavior of a Nickel-Based Alloy Used in Natural Gas Engine Exhaust Valve Seats Metals isothermal oxidation nickel-based alloy oxidation kinetics thermogravimetric analysis |
| title | A Survey on the Oxidation Behavior of a Nickel-Based Alloy Used in Natural Gas Engine Exhaust Valve Seats |
| title_full | A Survey on the Oxidation Behavior of a Nickel-Based Alloy Used in Natural Gas Engine Exhaust Valve Seats |
| title_fullStr | A Survey on the Oxidation Behavior of a Nickel-Based Alloy Used in Natural Gas Engine Exhaust Valve Seats |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Survey on the Oxidation Behavior of a Nickel-Based Alloy Used in Natural Gas Engine Exhaust Valve Seats |
| title_short | A Survey on the Oxidation Behavior of a Nickel-Based Alloy Used in Natural Gas Engine Exhaust Valve Seats |
| title_sort | survey on the oxidation behavior of a nickel based alloy used in natural gas engine exhaust valve seats |
| topic | isothermal oxidation nickel-based alloy oxidation kinetics thermogravimetric analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/1/49 |
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