Evaluation of KO-Tab 1-2-3<sup>®</sup>: a wash-resistant 'dip-it-yourself' insecticide formulation for long-lasting treatment of mosquito nets
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Insecticide-treated nets (ITN) are an important method of preventing malaria. To remain effective, they need to be re-treated with pyrethroid insecticide at approximately yearly intervals. Systems for re-treating nets in Africa are...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2005-11-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
| Online Access: | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/4/1/52 |
| _version_ | 1828492879380611072 |
|---|---|
| author | Kaur Harparkash N'Guessan Raphael Yates Alison Akogbéto Martin Rowland Mark |
| author_facet | Kaur Harparkash N'Guessan Raphael Yates Alison Akogbéto Martin Rowland Mark |
| author_sort | Kaur Harparkash |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Insecticide-treated nets (ITN) are an important method of preventing malaria. To remain effective, they need to be re-treated with pyrethroid insecticide at approximately yearly intervals. Systems for re-treating nets in Africa are limited, and the vast majority of nets in use have never been treated or were treated only once. Bayer Environmental Science (BES) has developed a long-lasting formulation 'KO-Tab 1-2-3<sup>®</sup>' which can be applied to the net post-manufacture, under field conditions, and renders the insecticide wash-resistant.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The performance of polyester nets treated with three kinds of BES long-lasting formulations, a conventional ITN (treated with standard KO-Tab) and PermaNet 2.0 were evaluated after washing samples of treated netting up to 30 times using standard WHO procedures. Performance was measured using 'three-minute exposure' and 'median time to knockdown' bioassay tests and by measuring the levels of deltamethrin using high-pressure liquid chromatography.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The conventional ITN was largely stripped of deltamethrin within 5–10 washes and insecticidal efficacy in bioassay declined to suboptimal levels. With PermaNet and KO-Tab 1-2-3 the loss of deltamethrin was much slower: insecticide content halved within 20 washes and there was no loss of biological efficacy in three-minute exposure bioassays in WHO cylinders even after 30 washes. After 30 washes there remained on the netting 16% (4.4 mg/m<sup>2</sup>) of the loading dose of KO-Tab 1-2-3 and 28% (18.8 mg/m<sup>2</sup>) of the loading dose of PermaNet.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>KO-Tab 1-2-3 was confirmed to be a long-lasting insecticide formulation. This finding raises the prospect of conventional polyester nets being converted into long-lasting insecticidal nets through simple dipping in the community or at home. This single development, if widely adopted, could transform the malaria control landscape in Africa and have a major impact on malaria.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T11:29:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-758be03915c54308aaabffe813c79a3e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T11:29:36Z |
| publishDate | 2005-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-758be03915c54308aaabffe813c79a3e2022-12-22T01:08:55ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752005-11-01415210.1186/1475-2875-4-52Evaluation of KO-Tab 1-2-3<sup>®</sup>: a wash-resistant 'dip-it-yourself' insecticide formulation for long-lasting treatment of mosquito netsKaur HarparkashN'Guessan RaphaelYates AlisonAkogbéto MartinRowland Mark<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Insecticide-treated nets (ITN) are an important method of preventing malaria. To remain effective, they need to be re-treated with pyrethroid insecticide at approximately yearly intervals. Systems for re-treating nets in Africa are limited, and the vast majority of nets in use have never been treated or were treated only once. Bayer Environmental Science (BES) has developed a long-lasting formulation 'KO-Tab 1-2-3<sup>®</sup>' which can be applied to the net post-manufacture, under field conditions, and renders the insecticide wash-resistant.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The performance of polyester nets treated with three kinds of BES long-lasting formulations, a conventional ITN (treated with standard KO-Tab) and PermaNet 2.0 were evaluated after washing samples of treated netting up to 30 times using standard WHO procedures. Performance was measured using 'three-minute exposure' and 'median time to knockdown' bioassay tests and by measuring the levels of deltamethrin using high-pressure liquid chromatography.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The conventional ITN was largely stripped of deltamethrin within 5–10 washes and insecticidal efficacy in bioassay declined to suboptimal levels. With PermaNet and KO-Tab 1-2-3 the loss of deltamethrin was much slower: insecticide content halved within 20 washes and there was no loss of biological efficacy in three-minute exposure bioassays in WHO cylinders even after 30 washes. After 30 washes there remained on the netting 16% (4.4 mg/m<sup>2</sup>) of the loading dose of KO-Tab 1-2-3 and 28% (18.8 mg/m<sup>2</sup>) of the loading dose of PermaNet.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>KO-Tab 1-2-3 was confirmed to be a long-lasting insecticide formulation. This finding raises the prospect of conventional polyester nets being converted into long-lasting insecticidal nets through simple dipping in the community or at home. This single development, if widely adopted, could transform the malaria control landscape in Africa and have a major impact on malaria.</p>http://www.malariajournal.com/content/4/1/52 |
| spellingShingle | Kaur Harparkash N'Guessan Raphael Yates Alison Akogbéto Martin Rowland Mark Evaluation of KO-Tab 1-2-3<sup>®</sup>: a wash-resistant 'dip-it-yourself' insecticide formulation for long-lasting treatment of mosquito nets Malaria Journal |
| title | Evaluation of KO-Tab 1-2-3<sup>®</sup>: a wash-resistant 'dip-it-yourself' insecticide formulation for long-lasting treatment of mosquito nets |
| title_full | Evaluation of KO-Tab 1-2-3<sup>®</sup>: a wash-resistant 'dip-it-yourself' insecticide formulation for long-lasting treatment of mosquito nets |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of KO-Tab 1-2-3<sup>®</sup>: a wash-resistant 'dip-it-yourself' insecticide formulation for long-lasting treatment of mosquito nets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of KO-Tab 1-2-3<sup>®</sup>: a wash-resistant 'dip-it-yourself' insecticide formulation for long-lasting treatment of mosquito nets |
| title_short | Evaluation of KO-Tab 1-2-3<sup>®</sup>: a wash-resistant 'dip-it-yourself' insecticide formulation for long-lasting treatment of mosquito nets |
| title_sort | evaluation of ko tab 1 2 3 sup r sup a wash resistant dip it yourself insecticide formulation for long lasting treatment of mosquito nets |
| url | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/4/1/52 |
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