Insights into the Ecotoxicology of Radicinin and (10<i>S</i>,11<i>S</i>)-(—)-<i>epi</i>-Pyriculol, Fungal Metabolites with Potential Application for Buffelgrass (<i>Cenchrus ciliaris</i>) Biocontrol
Buffelgrass (<i>Cenchrus ciliaris</i> L.) is an invasive C4 perennial grass species that substantially reduces native plant diversity of the Sonoran Desert through fire promotion and resource competition. Broad-spectrum herbicides are essentially used for its control, but they have a neg...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/6/405 |
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| author | Antonietta Siciliano Jesús G. Zorrilla Lorenzo Saviano Alessio Cimmino Marco Guida Marco Masi Susan Meyer |
| author_facet | Antonietta Siciliano Jesús G. Zorrilla Lorenzo Saviano Alessio Cimmino Marco Guida Marco Masi Susan Meyer |
| author_sort | Antonietta Siciliano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Buffelgrass (<i>Cenchrus ciliaris</i> L.) is an invasive C4 perennial grass species that substantially reduces native plant diversity of the Sonoran Desert through fire promotion and resource competition. Broad-spectrum herbicides are essentially used for its control, but they have a negative environmental and ecological impact. Recently, phytotoxicity on <i>C. ciliaris</i> has been discovered for two metabolites produced in vitro by the phytopathogenic fungi <i>Cochliobolus australiensis</i> and <i>Pyricularia grisea.</i> They were identified as (10<i>S</i>,11<i>S</i>)-(—)-<i>epi</i>-pyriculol and radicinin and resulted in being potential candidates for the development of bioherbicides for buffelgrass biocontrol. They have already shown promising results, but their ecotoxicological profiles and degradability have been poorly investigated. In this study, ecotoxicological tests against representative organisms from aquatic ecosystems (<i>Aliivibrio fischeri</i> bacterium, <i>Raphidocelis subcapitata</i> alga, and <i>Daphnia magna</i> crustacean) revealed relatively low toxicity for these compounds, supporting further studies for their practical application. The stability of these metabolites in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 8692:2012 culture medium under different temperatures and light conditions was also evaluated, revealing that 98.90% of radicinin degraded after 3 days in sunlight. Significant degradation percentages (59.51–73.82%) were also obtained at room temperature, 30 °C or under ultraviolet (254 nm) light exposure. On the other hand, (10<i>S</i>,11<i>S</i>)-<i>epi</i>-pyriculol showed more stability under all the aforementioned conditions (49.26–65.32%). The sunlight treatment was also shown to be most effective for the degradation of this metabolite. These results suggest that radicinin could provide rapid degradability when used in agrochemical formulations, whereas (10<i>S</i>,11<i>S</i>)-<i>epi</i>-pyriculol stands as a notably more stable compound. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:52:08Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:52:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj.art-759ee76cb30f4f20b4026304d540e2032023-11-18T12:55:56ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512023-06-0115640510.3390/toxins15060405Insights into the Ecotoxicology of Radicinin and (10<i>S</i>,11<i>S</i>)-(—)-<i>epi</i>-Pyriculol, Fungal Metabolites with Potential Application for Buffelgrass (<i>Cenchrus ciliaris</i>) BiocontrolAntonietta Siciliano0Jesús G. Zorrilla1Lorenzo Saviano2Alessio Cimmino3Marco Guida4Marco Masi5Susan Meyer6Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, ItalyShrub Sciences Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, 369 North 100 West Suite 8, Cedar City, UT 84721, USABuffelgrass (<i>Cenchrus ciliaris</i> L.) is an invasive C4 perennial grass species that substantially reduces native plant diversity of the Sonoran Desert through fire promotion and resource competition. Broad-spectrum herbicides are essentially used for its control, but they have a negative environmental and ecological impact. Recently, phytotoxicity on <i>C. ciliaris</i> has been discovered for two metabolites produced in vitro by the phytopathogenic fungi <i>Cochliobolus australiensis</i> and <i>Pyricularia grisea.</i> They were identified as (10<i>S</i>,11<i>S</i>)-(—)-<i>epi</i>-pyriculol and radicinin and resulted in being potential candidates for the development of bioherbicides for buffelgrass biocontrol. They have already shown promising results, but their ecotoxicological profiles and degradability have been poorly investigated. In this study, ecotoxicological tests against representative organisms from aquatic ecosystems (<i>Aliivibrio fischeri</i> bacterium, <i>Raphidocelis subcapitata</i> alga, and <i>Daphnia magna</i> crustacean) revealed relatively low toxicity for these compounds, supporting further studies for their practical application. The stability of these metabolites in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 8692:2012 culture medium under different temperatures and light conditions was also evaluated, revealing that 98.90% of radicinin degraded after 3 days in sunlight. Significant degradation percentages (59.51–73.82%) were also obtained at room temperature, 30 °C or under ultraviolet (254 nm) light exposure. On the other hand, (10<i>S</i>,11<i>S</i>)-<i>epi</i>-pyriculol showed more stability under all the aforementioned conditions (49.26–65.32%). The sunlight treatment was also shown to be most effective for the degradation of this metabolite. These results suggest that radicinin could provide rapid degradability when used in agrochemical formulations, whereas (10<i>S</i>,11<i>S</i>)-<i>epi</i>-pyriculol stands as a notably more stable compound.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/6/405ecotoxicologynatural productsradicinin(10<i>S</i>,11<i>S</i>)-<i>epi</i>-pyriculoldegradability<i>Cochliobolus australiensis</i> |
| spellingShingle | Antonietta Siciliano Jesús G. Zorrilla Lorenzo Saviano Alessio Cimmino Marco Guida Marco Masi Susan Meyer Insights into the Ecotoxicology of Radicinin and (10<i>S</i>,11<i>S</i>)-(—)-<i>epi</i>-Pyriculol, Fungal Metabolites with Potential Application for Buffelgrass (<i>Cenchrus ciliaris</i>) Biocontrol Toxins ecotoxicology natural products radicinin (10<i>S</i>,11<i>S</i>)-<i>epi</i>-pyriculol degradability <i>Cochliobolus australiensis</i> |
| title | Insights into the Ecotoxicology of Radicinin and (10<i>S</i>,11<i>S</i>)-(—)-<i>epi</i>-Pyriculol, Fungal Metabolites with Potential Application for Buffelgrass (<i>Cenchrus ciliaris</i>) Biocontrol |
| title_full | Insights into the Ecotoxicology of Radicinin and (10<i>S</i>,11<i>S</i>)-(—)-<i>epi</i>-Pyriculol, Fungal Metabolites with Potential Application for Buffelgrass (<i>Cenchrus ciliaris</i>) Biocontrol |
| title_fullStr | Insights into the Ecotoxicology of Radicinin and (10<i>S</i>,11<i>S</i>)-(—)-<i>epi</i>-Pyriculol, Fungal Metabolites with Potential Application for Buffelgrass (<i>Cenchrus ciliaris</i>) Biocontrol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights into the Ecotoxicology of Radicinin and (10<i>S</i>,11<i>S</i>)-(—)-<i>epi</i>-Pyriculol, Fungal Metabolites with Potential Application for Buffelgrass (<i>Cenchrus ciliaris</i>) Biocontrol |
| title_short | Insights into the Ecotoxicology of Radicinin and (10<i>S</i>,11<i>S</i>)-(—)-<i>epi</i>-Pyriculol, Fungal Metabolites with Potential Application for Buffelgrass (<i>Cenchrus ciliaris</i>) Biocontrol |
| title_sort | insights into the ecotoxicology of radicinin and 10 i s i 11 i s i i epi i pyriculol fungal metabolites with potential application for buffelgrass i cenchrus ciliaris i biocontrol |
| topic | ecotoxicology natural products radicinin (10<i>S</i>,11<i>S</i>)-<i>epi</i>-pyriculol degradability <i>Cochliobolus australiensis</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/6/405 |
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