Formulation and Characterization of Chitosan-Decorated Multiple Nanoemulsion for Topical Delivery In Vitro and Ex Vivo
In the present study, chitosan-decorated multiple nanoemulsion (MNE) was formulated using a two-step emulsification process. The formulated multiple nanoemuslion was evaluated physiochemically for its size and zeta potential, surface morphology, creaming and cracking, viscosity and pH. A Franz diffu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/10/3183 |
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| author | Muhammad Rehan Malik Fatemah Farraj Al-Harbi Asif Nawaz Adnan Amin Arshad Farid Mohammed Al Mohaini Abdulkhaliq J. Alsalman Maitham A. Al Hawaj Yousef N. Alhashem |
| author_facet | Muhammad Rehan Malik Fatemah Farraj Al-Harbi Asif Nawaz Adnan Amin Arshad Farid Mohammed Al Mohaini Abdulkhaliq J. Alsalman Maitham A. Al Hawaj Yousef N. Alhashem |
| author_sort | Muhammad Rehan Malik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the present study, chitosan-decorated multiple nanoemulsion (MNE) was formulated using a two-step emulsification process. The formulated multiple nanoemuslion was evaluated physiochemically for its size and zeta potential, surface morphology, creaming and cracking, viscosity and pH. A Franz diffusion cell apparatus was used to carry out in vitro drug-release and permeation studies. The formulated nanoemulsion showed uniform droplet size and zeta potential. The pH and viscosity of the formulated emulsion were in the range of and suitable for topical delivery. The drug contents of the simple nanoemulsion (SNE), the chitosan-decorated nanoemulsion (CNE) and the MNE were 71 ± 2%, 82 ± 2% and 90 ± 2%, respectively. The formulated MNE showed controlled release of itraconazole as compared with that of the SNE and CNE. This was attributed to the chitosan decoration as well as to formulating multiple emulsions. The significant permeation and skin drug retention profile of the MNE were attributed to using the surfactants tween 80 and span 20 and the co-surfactant PEG 400. ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed that the MNE mainly affects the lipids and proteins of the skin, particularly the <i>stratum corneum</i>, which results in significantly higher permeation and retention of the drug. It was concluded that the proposed MNE formulation delivers drug to the target site of the skin and can be therapeutically used for various cutaneous fungal infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:20:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-75a3e478ad6c460d8adda019f9122ab2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:20:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-75a3e478ad6c460d8adda019f9122ab22023-11-23T12:22:23ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-05-012710318310.3390/molecules27103183Formulation and Characterization of Chitosan-Decorated Multiple Nanoemulsion for Topical Delivery In Vitro and Ex VivoMuhammad Rehan Malik0Fatemah Farraj Al-Harbi1Asif Nawaz2Adnan Amin3Arshad Farid4Mohammed Al Mohaini5Abdulkhaliq J. Alsalman6Maitham A. Al Hawaj7Yousef N. Alhashem8Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, PakistanCollege of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi ArabiaGomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, PakistanGomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, PakistanGomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, PakistanBasic Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaClinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi ArabiaIn the present study, chitosan-decorated multiple nanoemulsion (MNE) was formulated using a two-step emulsification process. The formulated multiple nanoemuslion was evaluated physiochemically for its size and zeta potential, surface morphology, creaming and cracking, viscosity and pH. A Franz diffusion cell apparatus was used to carry out in vitro drug-release and permeation studies. The formulated nanoemulsion showed uniform droplet size and zeta potential. The pH and viscosity of the formulated emulsion were in the range of and suitable for topical delivery. The drug contents of the simple nanoemulsion (SNE), the chitosan-decorated nanoemulsion (CNE) and the MNE were 71 ± 2%, 82 ± 2% and 90 ± 2%, respectively. The formulated MNE showed controlled release of itraconazole as compared with that of the SNE and CNE. This was attributed to the chitosan decoration as well as to formulating multiple emulsions. The significant permeation and skin drug retention profile of the MNE were attributed to using the surfactants tween 80 and span 20 and the co-surfactant PEG 400. ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed that the MNE mainly affects the lipids and proteins of the skin, particularly the <i>stratum corneum</i>, which results in significantly higher permeation and retention of the drug. It was concluded that the proposed MNE formulation delivers drug to the target site of the skin and can be therapeutically used for various cutaneous fungal infections.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/10/3183chitosanmultiple nanoemulsiontopical deliveryitraconazole |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Rehan Malik Fatemah Farraj Al-Harbi Asif Nawaz Adnan Amin Arshad Farid Mohammed Al Mohaini Abdulkhaliq J. Alsalman Maitham A. Al Hawaj Yousef N. Alhashem Formulation and Characterization of Chitosan-Decorated Multiple Nanoemulsion for Topical Delivery In Vitro and Ex Vivo Molecules chitosan multiple nanoemulsion topical delivery itraconazole |
| title | Formulation and Characterization of Chitosan-Decorated Multiple Nanoemulsion for Topical Delivery In Vitro and Ex Vivo |
| title_full | Formulation and Characterization of Chitosan-Decorated Multiple Nanoemulsion for Topical Delivery In Vitro and Ex Vivo |
| title_fullStr | Formulation and Characterization of Chitosan-Decorated Multiple Nanoemulsion for Topical Delivery In Vitro and Ex Vivo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Formulation and Characterization of Chitosan-Decorated Multiple Nanoemulsion for Topical Delivery In Vitro and Ex Vivo |
| title_short | Formulation and Characterization of Chitosan-Decorated Multiple Nanoemulsion for Topical Delivery In Vitro and Ex Vivo |
| title_sort | formulation and characterization of chitosan decorated multiple nanoemulsion for topical delivery in vitro and ex vivo |
| topic | chitosan multiple nanoemulsion topical delivery itraconazole |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/10/3183 |
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