HIV Latency and Nanomedicine Strategies for Anti-HIV Treatment and Eradication
Antiretrovirals (ARVs) reduce Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) loads to undetectable levels in infected patients. However, HIV can persist throughout the body in cellular reservoirs partly due to the inability of some ARVs to cross anatomical barriers and the capacity of HIV-1 to establish latent...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/2/617 |
| _version_ | 1797622133230141440 |
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| author | Mickensone Andre Madhavan Nair Andrea D. Raymond |
| author_facet | Mickensone Andre Madhavan Nair Andrea D. Raymond |
| author_sort | Mickensone Andre |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antiretrovirals (ARVs) reduce Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) loads to undetectable levels in infected patients. However, HIV can persist throughout the body in cellular reservoirs partly due to the inability of some ARVs to cross anatomical barriers and the capacity of HIV-1 to establish latent infection in resting CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and monocytes/macrophages. A cure for HIV is not likely unless latency is addressed and delivery of ARVs to cellular reservoir sites is improved. Nanomedicine has been used in ARV formulations to improve delivery and efficacy. More specifically, researchers are exploring the benefit of using nanoparticles to improve ARVs and nanomedicine in HIV eradication strategies such as shock and kill, block and lock, and others. This review will focus on mechanisms of HIV-1 latency and nanomedicine-based approaches to treat HIV. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:06:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-75b2bd35129b46e5b8964fa05d9f34f6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:06:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-75b2bd35129b46e5b8964fa05d9f34f62023-11-16T19:20:53ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-02-0111261710.3390/biomedicines11020617HIV Latency and Nanomedicine Strategies for Anti-HIV Treatment and EradicationMickensone Andre0Madhavan Nair1Andrea D. Raymond2Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USADepartment of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USADepartment of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAAntiretrovirals (ARVs) reduce Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) loads to undetectable levels in infected patients. However, HIV can persist throughout the body in cellular reservoirs partly due to the inability of some ARVs to cross anatomical barriers and the capacity of HIV-1 to establish latent infection in resting CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and monocytes/macrophages. A cure for HIV is not likely unless latency is addressed and delivery of ARVs to cellular reservoir sites is improved. Nanomedicine has been used in ARV formulations to improve delivery and efficacy. More specifically, researchers are exploring the benefit of using nanoparticles to improve ARVs and nanomedicine in HIV eradication strategies such as shock and kill, block and lock, and others. This review will focus on mechanisms of HIV-1 latency and nanomedicine-based approaches to treat HIV.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/2/617HIV-1 latencyARVsnanomedicineexosomesshock and killblock and lock |
| spellingShingle | Mickensone Andre Madhavan Nair Andrea D. Raymond HIV Latency and Nanomedicine Strategies for Anti-HIV Treatment and Eradication Biomedicines HIV-1 latency ARVs nanomedicine exosomes shock and kill block and lock |
| title | HIV Latency and Nanomedicine Strategies for Anti-HIV Treatment and Eradication |
| title_full | HIV Latency and Nanomedicine Strategies for Anti-HIV Treatment and Eradication |
| title_fullStr | HIV Latency and Nanomedicine Strategies for Anti-HIV Treatment and Eradication |
| title_full_unstemmed | HIV Latency and Nanomedicine Strategies for Anti-HIV Treatment and Eradication |
| title_short | HIV Latency and Nanomedicine Strategies for Anti-HIV Treatment and Eradication |
| title_sort | hiv latency and nanomedicine strategies for anti hiv treatment and eradication |
| topic | HIV-1 latency ARVs nanomedicine exosomes shock and kill block and lock |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/2/617 |
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