Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Phthalates in China: A Disease Burden and Cost Analysis
Increasing evidence indicates that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) cause a variety of adverse health outcomes and contribute to substantial disease burden. This study summarized the exposure status of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and phthalates (PAEs) in China and evaluated the disea...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-12-01
|
| Series: | Toxics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/12/766 |
| _version_ | 1797455103880331264 |
|---|---|
| author | Hang Wang Yunhui Zhang |
| author_facet | Hang Wang Yunhui Zhang |
| author_sort | Hang Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Increasing evidence indicates that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) cause a variety of adverse health outcomes and contribute to substantial disease burden. This study summarized the exposure status of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and phthalates (PAEs) in China and evaluated the disease burden attributable to PBDEs and PAEs in 2015. The results showed that PBDE and PAE concentrations were higher in coastal areas. The disease burden attributable to PBDEs was 0.77 million cases, and the economic costs were CNY 18.92 billion. Meanwhile, 3.02 million individuals suffered from diseases attributable to PAEs, and the economic costs were CNY 49.20 billion. The economic burden caused by PBDEs and PAEs accounted for 0.28% and 0.72% of China’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2015, respectively. When comparing China’s results from 2010, it was determined that the GDP ratio of economic costs caused by PAEs in 2015 (0.72%) was lower than in 2010 (1.42%). Finally, compared with the results of the European Union and North America, the GDP ratios of economic costs caused by PAEs in 2015 were 0.19% in Canada (lower than China), 0.29% in the United States (lower than China), and 1.44% in the European Union (higher than China). This study provides important reference values for China’s health governance, and further research should be conducted in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:46:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-75b3b15da4e5423199cdd7eda5fc3f75 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:46:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-75b3b15da4e5423199cdd7eda5fc3f752023-11-24T18:25:32ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042022-12-01101276610.3390/toxics10120766Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Phthalates in China: A Disease Burden and Cost AnalysisHang Wang0Yunhui Zhang1Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (Fudan University), Shanghai 200032, ChinaKey Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (Fudan University), Shanghai 200032, ChinaIncreasing evidence indicates that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) cause a variety of adverse health outcomes and contribute to substantial disease burden. This study summarized the exposure status of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and phthalates (PAEs) in China and evaluated the disease burden attributable to PBDEs and PAEs in 2015. The results showed that PBDE and PAE concentrations were higher in coastal areas. The disease burden attributable to PBDEs was 0.77 million cases, and the economic costs were CNY 18.92 billion. Meanwhile, 3.02 million individuals suffered from diseases attributable to PAEs, and the economic costs were CNY 49.20 billion. The economic burden caused by PBDEs and PAEs accounted for 0.28% and 0.72% of China’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2015, respectively. When comparing China’s results from 2010, it was determined that the GDP ratio of economic costs caused by PAEs in 2015 (0.72%) was lower than in 2010 (1.42%). Finally, compared with the results of the European Union and North America, the GDP ratios of economic costs caused by PAEs in 2015 were 0.19% in Canada (lower than China), 0.29% in the United States (lower than China), and 1.44% in the European Union (higher than China). This study provides important reference values for China’s health governance, and further research should be conducted in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/12/766endocrine-disrupting chemicalsChinadisease burdeneconomic costsGross Domestic Product |
| spellingShingle | Hang Wang Yunhui Zhang Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Phthalates in China: A Disease Burden and Cost Analysis Toxics endocrine-disrupting chemicals China disease burden economic costs Gross Domestic Product |
| title | Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Phthalates in China: A Disease Burden and Cost Analysis |
| title_full | Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Phthalates in China: A Disease Burden and Cost Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Phthalates in China: A Disease Burden and Cost Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Phthalates in China: A Disease Burden and Cost Analysis |
| title_short | Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Phthalates in China: A Disease Burden and Cost Analysis |
| title_sort | exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and phthalates in china a disease burden and cost analysis |
| topic | endocrine-disrupting chemicals China disease burden economic costs Gross Domestic Product |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/12/766 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hangwang exposuretopolybrominateddiphenylethersandphthalatesinchinaadiseaseburdenandcostanalysis AT yunhuizhang exposuretopolybrominateddiphenylethersandphthalatesinchinaadiseaseburdenandcostanalysis |