Environmental Adaptability and Energy Investment Strategy of Different <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> Clones Based on Leaf Calorific Value and Construction Cost Characteristics
The calorific value and construction cost of leaves reflect the utilization strategy of plants for environmental resources. Their genetic characteristics and leaf functional traits as well as climate change affect the calorific values. This study explores the differences in energy investment strateg...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-07-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/14/2723 |
| _version_ | 1797587729126522880 |
|---|---|
| author | Nana Li Yue Cao Jinghui Wu Ting Zhang Xianhua Zou Xiangqing Ma Pengfei Wu |
| author_facet | Nana Li Yue Cao Jinghui Wu Ting Zhang Xianhua Zou Xiangqing Ma Pengfei Wu |
| author_sort | Nana Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The calorific value and construction cost of leaves reflect the utilization strategy of plants for environmental resources. Their genetic characteristics and leaf functional traits as well as climate change affect the calorific values. This study explores the differences in energy investment strategies and the response characteristics of energy utilization in leaves to climate change among nine clones of Chinese fir (<i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i>). Considering the objectives, the differences in the energy utilization strategies were analyzed by determining the leaf nutrients, specific leaf area, and leaf calorific value and by calculating the construction cost. The results showed a significant difference in the ash-free calorific value and construction cost of leaves among different Chinese fir clones (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There were also significant differences in leaf carbon (C) content, leaf nitrogen (N) content, specific leaf area, and ash content. The correlation analysis showed that leaves’ ash-free calorific value and construction cost were positively correlated with the C content. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that P2 is inclined to the “fast investment return” energy investment strategy, while L27 is inclined to the “slow investment return” energy investment strategy. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicates that the monthly average temperature strongly correlates positively with leaf construction cost, N content, and specific leaf area. The monthly average precipitation positively impacts the ash-free calorific value and construction cost of leaves. In conclusion, there are obvious differences in energy investment strategies among different Chinese fir clones. When temperature and precipitation change, Chinese fir leaves can adjust their energy investment to adapt to environmental changes. In the future, attention should be paid to the impact of climate change–related aspects on the growth and development of Chinese fir plantations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:43:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-75b84ddcbd6845b09e7cbf0e7f40a718 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:43:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-75b84ddcbd6845b09e7cbf0e7f40a7182023-11-18T21:01:08ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-07-011214272310.3390/plants12142723Environmental Adaptability and Energy Investment Strategy of Different <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> Clones Based on Leaf Calorific Value and Construction Cost CharacteristicsNana Li0Yue Cao1Jinghui Wu2Ting Zhang3Xianhua Zou4Xiangqing Ma5Pengfei Wu6College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaFujian Shanghang Baisha Forestry Farm, Longyan 364205, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaChinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaThe calorific value and construction cost of leaves reflect the utilization strategy of plants for environmental resources. Their genetic characteristics and leaf functional traits as well as climate change affect the calorific values. This study explores the differences in energy investment strategies and the response characteristics of energy utilization in leaves to climate change among nine clones of Chinese fir (<i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i>). Considering the objectives, the differences in the energy utilization strategies were analyzed by determining the leaf nutrients, specific leaf area, and leaf calorific value and by calculating the construction cost. The results showed a significant difference in the ash-free calorific value and construction cost of leaves among different Chinese fir clones (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There were also significant differences in leaf carbon (C) content, leaf nitrogen (N) content, specific leaf area, and ash content. The correlation analysis showed that leaves’ ash-free calorific value and construction cost were positively correlated with the C content. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that P2 is inclined to the “fast investment return” energy investment strategy, while L27 is inclined to the “slow investment return” energy investment strategy. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicates that the monthly average temperature strongly correlates positively with leaf construction cost, N content, and specific leaf area. The monthly average precipitation positively impacts the ash-free calorific value and construction cost of leaves. In conclusion, there are obvious differences in energy investment strategies among different Chinese fir clones. When temperature and precipitation change, Chinese fir leaves can adjust their energy investment to adapt to environmental changes. In the future, attention should be paid to the impact of climate change–related aspects on the growth and development of Chinese fir plantations.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/14/2723calorific valueChinese firclimate changeleaf functional traitssubtropical regionutilization strategy |
| spellingShingle | Nana Li Yue Cao Jinghui Wu Ting Zhang Xianhua Zou Xiangqing Ma Pengfei Wu Environmental Adaptability and Energy Investment Strategy of Different <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> Clones Based on Leaf Calorific Value and Construction Cost Characteristics Plants calorific value Chinese fir climate change leaf functional traits subtropical region utilization strategy |
| title | Environmental Adaptability and Energy Investment Strategy of Different <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> Clones Based on Leaf Calorific Value and Construction Cost Characteristics |
| title_full | Environmental Adaptability and Energy Investment Strategy of Different <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> Clones Based on Leaf Calorific Value and Construction Cost Characteristics |
| title_fullStr | Environmental Adaptability and Energy Investment Strategy of Different <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> Clones Based on Leaf Calorific Value and Construction Cost Characteristics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Environmental Adaptability and Energy Investment Strategy of Different <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> Clones Based on Leaf Calorific Value and Construction Cost Characteristics |
| title_short | Environmental Adaptability and Energy Investment Strategy of Different <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> Clones Based on Leaf Calorific Value and Construction Cost Characteristics |
| title_sort | environmental adaptability and energy investment strategy of different i cunninghamia lanceolata i clones based on leaf calorific value and construction cost characteristics |
| topic | calorific value Chinese fir climate change leaf functional traits subtropical region utilization strategy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/14/2723 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nanali environmentaladaptabilityandenergyinvestmentstrategyofdifferenticunninghamialanceolataiclonesbasedonleafcalorificvalueandconstructioncostcharacteristics AT yuecao environmentaladaptabilityandenergyinvestmentstrategyofdifferenticunninghamialanceolataiclonesbasedonleafcalorificvalueandconstructioncostcharacteristics AT jinghuiwu environmentaladaptabilityandenergyinvestmentstrategyofdifferenticunninghamialanceolataiclonesbasedonleafcalorificvalueandconstructioncostcharacteristics AT tingzhang environmentaladaptabilityandenergyinvestmentstrategyofdifferenticunninghamialanceolataiclonesbasedonleafcalorificvalueandconstructioncostcharacteristics AT xianhuazou environmentaladaptabilityandenergyinvestmentstrategyofdifferenticunninghamialanceolataiclonesbasedonleafcalorificvalueandconstructioncostcharacteristics AT xiangqingma environmentaladaptabilityandenergyinvestmentstrategyofdifferenticunninghamialanceolataiclonesbasedonleafcalorificvalueandconstructioncostcharacteristics AT pengfeiwu environmentaladaptabilityandenergyinvestmentstrategyofdifferenticunninghamialanceolataiclonesbasedonleafcalorificvalueandconstructioncostcharacteristics |