Viral and cellular biomarkers used for improving prevention and management of cervical cancer
Cervical cancer remains one of the preventable cause of women’s death, the second most common cause of death in Europe. Several screening tests for precancerous lesions are available, including cervicovaginal cytology and screening of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) strains – 16, 18, 31, 33. Ce...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Amaltea Medical Publishing House
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Romanian Journal of Medical Practice |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://rjmp.com.ro/articles/2021.2/RJMP_2021_2_Art-02.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819134113484898304 |
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| author | Şerban NASTASIA Ana-Cătălina SAVU Anca POPA Anca Angela SIMIONESCU Ana Maria Alexandra STANESCU Manuela Cristina RUSSU |
| author_facet | Şerban NASTASIA Ana-Cătălina SAVU Anca POPA Anca Angela SIMIONESCU Ana Maria Alexandra STANESCU Manuela Cristina RUSSU |
| author_sort | Şerban NASTASIA |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cervical cancer remains one of the preventable cause of women’s death, the second most common cause of death in Europe. Several screening tests for precancerous lesions are available, including cervicovaginal cytology and screening of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) strains – 16, 18, 31, 33. Cervical cytology (Babeş-Papanicolau smear test) remains the elected method for cervical cancer screening in many countries.
Last decades, HPV DNA sequence was identified, including gene number and encoded proteins. HPV DNA gene expression involves the use of multiple promoters and complex patterns of splicing, which served as a model for the elaboration of cellular and molecular biomarkers for the identification. Herein, we present the usefulness and efficiency of viral and cellular biomarkers in improving the diagnosis and managing precursor lesions of cervical cancer.
Viral and cellular biomarkers can help differentiating low-grade lesion leading to a better diagnosis. HPV DNA tests, although a primary screening method in actual guidelines, can serve as a better screening test method. Other viral biomarkers that include E6 and E7 mRNA testing and determining the methylation of viral genes have good test screening results. Cellular biomarkers such as the immunocytochemical staining of p16INK4a, alone or combined with the proliferation marker Ki-67, can reveal anomalies in the cell cycle.
The E4 protein, strongly expressed in productive infections, can prove a transforming infection when it is absent.
In recent years, detection of the TERC gene and oncogenetic microRNAs expressed early in carcinogenesis before clinical findings show great promise in differentiating lesions likely to progress to cancer.
In conclusion, biomarkers are more powerful instruments to enhance early pre-cervical cancer lesions diagnosis, which allow better prognosis and more reliable treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T09:58:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-75b9bf4d27844da494b31e5284ac5294 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1842-8258 2069-6108 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T09:58:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Amaltea Medical Publishing House |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Romanian Journal of Medical Practice |
| spelling | doaj.art-75b9bf4d27844da494b31e5284ac52942022-12-21T18:30:13ZengAmaltea Medical Publishing HouseRomanian Journal of Medical Practice1842-82582069-61082021-06-0116212312610.37897/RJMP.2021.2.2Viral and cellular biomarkers used for improving prevention and management of cervical cancerŞerban NASTASIA0Ana-Cătălina SAVU1Anca POPA2Anca Angela SIMIONESCU3Ana Maria Alexandra STANESCU4Manuela Cristina RUSSU5“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Dr Ion Cantacuzino” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Dr Ion Cantacuzino” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Dr Ion Cantacuzino” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Familly Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Dr Ion Cantacuzino” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, RomaniaCervical cancer remains one of the preventable cause of women’s death, the second most common cause of death in Europe. Several screening tests for precancerous lesions are available, including cervicovaginal cytology and screening of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) strains – 16, 18, 31, 33. Cervical cytology (Babeş-Papanicolau smear test) remains the elected method for cervical cancer screening in many countries. Last decades, HPV DNA sequence was identified, including gene number and encoded proteins. HPV DNA gene expression involves the use of multiple promoters and complex patterns of splicing, which served as a model for the elaboration of cellular and molecular biomarkers for the identification. Herein, we present the usefulness and efficiency of viral and cellular biomarkers in improving the diagnosis and managing precursor lesions of cervical cancer. Viral and cellular biomarkers can help differentiating low-grade lesion leading to a better diagnosis. HPV DNA tests, although a primary screening method in actual guidelines, can serve as a better screening test method. Other viral biomarkers that include E6 and E7 mRNA testing and determining the methylation of viral genes have good test screening results. Cellular biomarkers such as the immunocytochemical staining of p16INK4a, alone or combined with the proliferation marker Ki-67, can reveal anomalies in the cell cycle. The E4 protein, strongly expressed in productive infections, can prove a transforming infection when it is absent. In recent years, detection of the TERC gene and oncogenetic microRNAs expressed early in carcinogenesis before clinical findings show great promise in differentiating lesions likely to progress to cancer. In conclusion, biomarkers are more powerful instruments to enhance early pre-cervical cancer lesions diagnosis, which allow better prognosis and more reliable treatment.https://rjmp.com.ro/articles/2021.2/RJMP_2021_2_Art-02.pdfcervical cancer screeninge6 mrnae7 mrnap16ink4aki-67 |
| spellingShingle | Şerban NASTASIA Ana-Cătălina SAVU Anca POPA Anca Angela SIMIONESCU Ana Maria Alexandra STANESCU Manuela Cristina RUSSU Viral and cellular biomarkers used for improving prevention and management of cervical cancer Romanian Journal of Medical Practice cervical cancer screening e6 mrna e7 mrna p16ink4a ki-67 |
| title | Viral and cellular biomarkers used for improving prevention and management of cervical cancer |
| title_full | Viral and cellular biomarkers used for improving prevention and management of cervical cancer |
| title_fullStr | Viral and cellular biomarkers used for improving prevention and management of cervical cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Viral and cellular biomarkers used for improving prevention and management of cervical cancer |
| title_short | Viral and cellular biomarkers used for improving prevention and management of cervical cancer |
| title_sort | viral and cellular biomarkers used for improving prevention and management of cervical cancer |
| topic | cervical cancer screening e6 mrna e7 mrna p16ink4a ki-67 |
| url | https://rjmp.com.ro/articles/2021.2/RJMP_2021_2_Art-02.pdf |
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