Abiotic Stress in Rice: Visiting the Physiological Response and Its Tolerance Mechanisms
Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) is one of the most significant staple foods worldwide. Carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals are just a few of the many nutrients found in domesticated rice. Ensuring high and constant rice production is vital to facilitating human food supplies, a...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/23/3948 |
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| author | Bhaskar Sarma Hamdy Kashtoh Tensangmu Lama Tamang Pranaba Nanda Bhattacharyya Yugal Kishore Mohanta Kwang-Hyun Baek |
| author_facet | Bhaskar Sarma Hamdy Kashtoh Tensangmu Lama Tamang Pranaba Nanda Bhattacharyya Yugal Kishore Mohanta Kwang-Hyun Baek |
| author_sort | Bhaskar Sarma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) is one of the most significant staple foods worldwide. Carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals are just a few of the many nutrients found in domesticated rice. Ensuring high and constant rice production is vital to facilitating human food supplies, as over three billion people around the globe rely on rice as their primary source of dietary intake. However, the world’s rice production and grain quality have drastically declined in recent years due to the challenges posed by global climate change and abiotic stress-related aspects, especially drought, heat, cold, salt, submergence, and heavy metal toxicity. Rice’s reduced photosynthetic efficiency results from insufficient stomatal conductance and natural damage to thylakoids and chloroplasts brought on by abiotic stressor-induced chlorosis and leaf wilting. Abiotic stress in rice farming can also cause complications with redox homeostasis, membrane peroxidation, lower seed germination, a drop in fresh and dry weight, necrosis, and tissue damage. Frequent stomatal movements, leaf rolling, generation of reactive oxygen radicals (RORs), antioxidant enzymes, induction of stress-responsive enzymes and protein-repair mechanisms, production of osmolytes, development of ion transporters, detoxifications, etc., are recorded as potent morphological, biochemical and physiological responses of rice plants under adverse abiotic stress. To develop cultivars that can withstand multiple abiotic challenges, it is necessary to understand the molecular and physiological mechanisms that contribute to the deterioration of rice quality under multiple abiotic stresses. The present review highlights the strategic defense mechanisms rice plants adopt to combat abiotic stressors that substantially affect the fundamental morphological, biochemical, and physiological mechanisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:45:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-75c497db98a748e5a903d98a43180b26 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:45:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-75c497db98a748e5a903d98a43180b262023-12-08T15:23:44ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-11-011223394810.3390/plants12233948Abiotic Stress in Rice: Visiting the Physiological Response and Its Tolerance MechanismsBhaskar Sarma0Hamdy Kashtoh1Tensangmu Lama Tamang2Pranaba Nanda Bhattacharyya3Yugal Kishore Mohanta4Kwang-Hyun Baek5Department of Botany, Dhemaji College, Dhemaji 787057, Assam, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Botany, Nanda Nath Saikia College, Titabar 785630, Assam, IndiaNano-Biotechnology and Translational Knowledge Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Techno City, 9th Mile, Ri-Bhoi, Baridua 793101, Meghalaya, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of KoreaRice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) is one of the most significant staple foods worldwide. Carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals are just a few of the many nutrients found in domesticated rice. Ensuring high and constant rice production is vital to facilitating human food supplies, as over three billion people around the globe rely on rice as their primary source of dietary intake. However, the world’s rice production and grain quality have drastically declined in recent years due to the challenges posed by global climate change and abiotic stress-related aspects, especially drought, heat, cold, salt, submergence, and heavy metal toxicity. Rice’s reduced photosynthetic efficiency results from insufficient stomatal conductance and natural damage to thylakoids and chloroplasts brought on by abiotic stressor-induced chlorosis and leaf wilting. Abiotic stress in rice farming can also cause complications with redox homeostasis, membrane peroxidation, lower seed germination, a drop in fresh and dry weight, necrosis, and tissue damage. Frequent stomatal movements, leaf rolling, generation of reactive oxygen radicals (RORs), antioxidant enzymes, induction of stress-responsive enzymes and protein-repair mechanisms, production of osmolytes, development of ion transporters, detoxifications, etc., are recorded as potent morphological, biochemical and physiological responses of rice plants under adverse abiotic stress. To develop cultivars that can withstand multiple abiotic challenges, it is necessary to understand the molecular and physiological mechanisms that contribute to the deterioration of rice quality under multiple abiotic stresses. The present review highlights the strategic defense mechanisms rice plants adopt to combat abiotic stressors that substantially affect the fundamental morphological, biochemical, and physiological mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/23/3948abiotic stressdroughtphysiologyricetolerance |
| spellingShingle | Bhaskar Sarma Hamdy Kashtoh Tensangmu Lama Tamang Pranaba Nanda Bhattacharyya Yugal Kishore Mohanta Kwang-Hyun Baek Abiotic Stress in Rice: Visiting the Physiological Response and Its Tolerance Mechanisms Plants abiotic stress drought physiology rice tolerance |
| title | Abiotic Stress in Rice: Visiting the Physiological Response and Its Tolerance Mechanisms |
| title_full | Abiotic Stress in Rice: Visiting the Physiological Response and Its Tolerance Mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | Abiotic Stress in Rice: Visiting the Physiological Response and Its Tolerance Mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Abiotic Stress in Rice: Visiting the Physiological Response and Its Tolerance Mechanisms |
| title_short | Abiotic Stress in Rice: Visiting the Physiological Response and Its Tolerance Mechanisms |
| title_sort | abiotic stress in rice visiting the physiological response and its tolerance mechanisms |
| topic | abiotic stress drought physiology rice tolerance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/23/3948 |
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