“World in motion” – emulsion adjuvants rising to meet the pandemic challenges
Abstract Emulsion adjuvants such as MF59 and AS03 have been used for more than two decades as key components of licensed vaccines, with over 100 million doses administered to diverse populations in more than 30 countries. Substantial clinical experience of effectiveness and a well-established safety...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2021-12-01
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| Series: | npj Vaccines |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-021-00418-0 |
| _version_ | 1797431016494727168 |
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| author | Derek T. O’Hagan Robbert van der Most Rushit N. Lodaya Margherita Coccia Giuseppe Lofano |
| author_facet | Derek T. O’Hagan Robbert van der Most Rushit N. Lodaya Margherita Coccia Giuseppe Lofano |
| author_sort | Derek T. O’Hagan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Emulsion adjuvants such as MF59 and AS03 have been used for more than two decades as key components of licensed vaccines, with over 100 million doses administered to diverse populations in more than 30 countries. Substantial clinical experience of effectiveness and a well-established safety profile, along with the ease of manufacturing have established emulsion adjuvants as one of the leading platforms for the development of pandemic vaccines. Emulsion adjuvants allow for antigen dose sparing, more rapid immune responses, and enhanced quality and quantity of adaptive immune responses. The mechanisms of enhancement of immune responses are well defined and typically characterized by the creation of an “immunocompetent environment” at the site of injection, followed by the induction of strong and long-lasting germinal center responses in the draining lymph nodes. As a result, emulsion adjuvants induce distinct immunological responses, with a mixed Th1/Th2 T cell response, long-lived plasma cells, an expanded repertoire of memory B cells, and high titers of cross-neutralizing polyfunctional antibodies against viral variants. Because of these various properties, emulsion adjuvants were included in pandemic influenza vaccines deployed during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, are still included in seasonal influenza vaccines, and are currently at the forefront of the development of vaccines against emerging SARS-CoV-2 pandemic variants. Here, we comprehensively review emulsion adjuvants, discuss their mechanism of action, and highlight their profile as a benchmark for the development of additional vaccine adjuvants and as a valuable tool to allow further investigations of the general principles of human immunity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:36:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-75d1380960444ee990bb5e69e49dc32a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2059-0105 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:36:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | npj Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-75d1380960444ee990bb5e69e49dc32a2023-12-02T01:38:31ZengNature Portfolionpj Vaccines2059-01052021-12-016111510.1038/s41541-021-00418-0“World in motion” – emulsion adjuvants rising to meet the pandemic challengesDerek T. O’Hagan0Robbert van der Most1Rushit N. Lodaya2Margherita Coccia3Giuseppe Lofano4GSKGSKGSKGSKGSKAbstract Emulsion adjuvants such as MF59 and AS03 have been used for more than two decades as key components of licensed vaccines, with over 100 million doses administered to diverse populations in more than 30 countries. Substantial clinical experience of effectiveness and a well-established safety profile, along with the ease of manufacturing have established emulsion adjuvants as one of the leading platforms for the development of pandemic vaccines. Emulsion adjuvants allow for antigen dose sparing, more rapid immune responses, and enhanced quality and quantity of adaptive immune responses. The mechanisms of enhancement of immune responses are well defined and typically characterized by the creation of an “immunocompetent environment” at the site of injection, followed by the induction of strong and long-lasting germinal center responses in the draining lymph nodes. As a result, emulsion adjuvants induce distinct immunological responses, with a mixed Th1/Th2 T cell response, long-lived plasma cells, an expanded repertoire of memory B cells, and high titers of cross-neutralizing polyfunctional antibodies against viral variants. Because of these various properties, emulsion adjuvants were included in pandemic influenza vaccines deployed during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, are still included in seasonal influenza vaccines, and are currently at the forefront of the development of vaccines against emerging SARS-CoV-2 pandemic variants. Here, we comprehensively review emulsion adjuvants, discuss their mechanism of action, and highlight their profile as a benchmark for the development of additional vaccine adjuvants and as a valuable tool to allow further investigations of the general principles of human immunity.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-021-00418-0 |
| spellingShingle | Derek T. O’Hagan Robbert van der Most Rushit N. Lodaya Margherita Coccia Giuseppe Lofano “World in motion” – emulsion adjuvants rising to meet the pandemic challenges npj Vaccines |
| title | “World in motion” – emulsion adjuvants rising to meet the pandemic challenges |
| title_full | “World in motion” – emulsion adjuvants rising to meet the pandemic challenges |
| title_fullStr | “World in motion” – emulsion adjuvants rising to meet the pandemic challenges |
| title_full_unstemmed | “World in motion” – emulsion adjuvants rising to meet the pandemic challenges |
| title_short | “World in motion” – emulsion adjuvants rising to meet the pandemic challenges |
| title_sort | world in motion emulsion adjuvants rising to meet the pandemic challenges |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-021-00418-0 |
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