Dissipation Behavior and Acute Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam and Its Metabolite Clothianidin on Spinach
Thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin residues pose a potential threat to human health. This study aims to investigate the residue behavior and acute dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam and clothianidin on spinach. Thiamethoxam and clothianidin were extracted using a quick, easy, cheap, e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/7/2209 |
| _version_ | 1797438387689357312 |
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| author | Yanmei Yang Shu Qin Xia Wang Junli Cao Jindong Li |
| author_facet | Yanmei Yang Shu Qin Xia Wang Junli Cao Jindong Li |
| author_sort | Yanmei Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin residues pose a potential threat to human health. This study aims to investigate the residue behavior and acute dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam and clothianidin on spinach. Thiamethoxam and clothianidin were extracted using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe (QuEChERS) method and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). At spike levels from 0.01 to 5 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, the average recoveries of both analytes were in the range of 94.5–105.5%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 3.8–10.9%. The dissipation behavior of thiamethoxam followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives of ≤1.6 days. Clothianidin appeared readily as a plant metabolite with highest level exhibited during 3 to 5 days after application. Temperature and light may be two main factors for degradation of thiamethoxam. Besides, acute risk assessment of thiamethoxam and clothianidin was evaluated with risk quotients (RQs) <100%, which suggested a low health risk for all consumer groups of Chinese residents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:37:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-75d49393d1fd413ba64b8481b93e0306 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:37:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-75d49393d1fd413ba64b8481b93e03062023-11-30T23:41:05ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-03-01277220910.3390/molecules27072209Dissipation Behavior and Acute Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam and Its Metabolite Clothianidin on SpinachYanmei Yang0Shu Qin1Xia Wang2Junli Cao3Jindong Li4Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaShanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaShanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaShanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaShanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaThiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin residues pose a potential threat to human health. This study aims to investigate the residue behavior and acute dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam and clothianidin on spinach. Thiamethoxam and clothianidin were extracted using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe (QuEChERS) method and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). At spike levels from 0.01 to 5 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, the average recoveries of both analytes were in the range of 94.5–105.5%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 3.8–10.9%. The dissipation behavior of thiamethoxam followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives of ≤1.6 days. Clothianidin appeared readily as a plant metabolite with highest level exhibited during 3 to 5 days after application. Temperature and light may be two main factors for degradation of thiamethoxam. Besides, acute risk assessment of thiamethoxam and clothianidin was evaluated with risk quotients (RQs) <100%, which suggested a low health risk for all consumer groups of Chinese residents.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/7/2209thiamethoxamclothianidinspinachLC-MS/MSdissipation behavioracute dietary risk assessment |
| spellingShingle | Yanmei Yang Shu Qin Xia Wang Junli Cao Jindong Li Dissipation Behavior and Acute Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam and Its Metabolite Clothianidin on Spinach Molecules thiamethoxam clothianidin spinach LC-MS/MS dissipation behavior acute dietary risk assessment |
| title | Dissipation Behavior and Acute Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam and Its Metabolite Clothianidin on Spinach |
| title_full | Dissipation Behavior and Acute Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam and Its Metabolite Clothianidin on Spinach |
| title_fullStr | Dissipation Behavior and Acute Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam and Its Metabolite Clothianidin on Spinach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dissipation Behavior and Acute Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam and Its Metabolite Clothianidin on Spinach |
| title_short | Dissipation Behavior and Acute Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam and Its Metabolite Clothianidin on Spinach |
| title_sort | dissipation behavior and acute dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin on spinach |
| topic | thiamethoxam clothianidin spinach LC-MS/MS dissipation behavior acute dietary risk assessment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/7/2209 |
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