Fast Fabrication Nanopores on a PMMA Membrane by a Local High Electric Field Controlled Breakdown
The sensitivity and accuracy of nanopore sensors are severely hindered by the high noise associated with solid-state nanopores. To mitigate this issue, the deposition of organic polymer materials onto silicon nitride (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/7/2109 |
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| author | Shaoxi Fang Delin Zeng Shixuan He Yadong Li Zichen Pang Yunjiao Wang Liyuan Liang Ting Weng Wanyi Xie Deqiang Wang |
| author_facet | Shaoxi Fang Delin Zeng Shixuan He Yadong Li Zichen Pang Yunjiao Wang Liyuan Liang Ting Weng Wanyi Xie Deqiang Wang |
| author_sort | Shaoxi Fang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The sensitivity and accuracy of nanopore sensors are severely hindered by the high noise associated with solid-state nanopores. To mitigate this issue, the deposition of organic polymer materials onto silicon nitride (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>i</mi><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>x</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) membranes has been effective in obtaining low-noise measurements. Nonetheless, the fabrication of nanopores sub-10 nm on thin polymer membranes remains a significant challenge. This work proposes a method for fabricating nanopores on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) membrane by the local high electrical field controlled breakdown, exploring the impact of voltage and current on the breakdown of PMMA membranes and discussing the mechanism underlying the breakdown voltage and current during the formation of nanopores. By improving the electric field application method, transient high electric fields that are one–seven times higher than the breakdown electric field can be utilized to fabricate nanopores. A comparative analysis was performed on the current noise levels of nanopores in PMMA-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>i</mi><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>x</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> composite membranes and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>i</mi><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>x</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> nanopores with a 5 nm diameter. The results demonstrated that the fast fabrication of nanopores on PMMA-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>i</mi><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>x</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> membranes exhibited reduced current noise compared to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>i</mi><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>x</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> nanopores. This finding provides evidence supporting the feasibility of utilizing this technology for efficiently fabricating low-noise nanopores on polymer composite membranes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:34:39Z |
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| id | doaj.art-75e3665d07104f0da3fb91c65554de39 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:34:39Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-75e3665d07104f0da3fb91c65554de392024-04-12T13:26:14ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-03-01247210910.3390/s24072109Fast Fabrication Nanopores on a PMMA Membrane by a Local High Electric Field Controlled BreakdownShaoxi Fang0Delin Zeng1Shixuan He2Yadong Li3Zichen Pang4Yunjiao Wang5Liyuan Liang6Ting Weng7Wanyi Xie8Deqiang Wang9Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, ChinaSchool of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, ChinaSchool of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, ChinaSchool of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, ChinaThe sensitivity and accuracy of nanopore sensors are severely hindered by the high noise associated with solid-state nanopores. To mitigate this issue, the deposition of organic polymer materials onto silicon nitride (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>i</mi><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>x</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) membranes has been effective in obtaining low-noise measurements. Nonetheless, the fabrication of nanopores sub-10 nm on thin polymer membranes remains a significant challenge. This work proposes a method for fabricating nanopores on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) membrane by the local high electrical field controlled breakdown, exploring the impact of voltage and current on the breakdown of PMMA membranes and discussing the mechanism underlying the breakdown voltage and current during the formation of nanopores. By improving the electric field application method, transient high electric fields that are one–seven times higher than the breakdown electric field can be utilized to fabricate nanopores. A comparative analysis was performed on the current noise levels of nanopores in PMMA-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>i</mi><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>x</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> composite membranes and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>i</mi><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>x</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> nanopores with a 5 nm diameter. The results demonstrated that the fast fabrication of nanopores on PMMA-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>i</mi><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>x</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> membranes exhibited reduced current noise compared to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>i</mi><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>x</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> nanopores. This finding provides evidence supporting the feasibility of utilizing this technology for efficiently fabricating low-noise nanopores on polymer composite membranes.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/7/2109PMMAnanoporecontrolled breakdownlocal high electric fieldlow noise |
| spellingShingle | Shaoxi Fang Delin Zeng Shixuan He Yadong Li Zichen Pang Yunjiao Wang Liyuan Liang Ting Weng Wanyi Xie Deqiang Wang Fast Fabrication Nanopores on a PMMA Membrane by a Local High Electric Field Controlled Breakdown Sensors PMMA nanopore controlled breakdown local high electric field low noise |
| title | Fast Fabrication Nanopores on a PMMA Membrane by a Local High Electric Field Controlled Breakdown |
| title_full | Fast Fabrication Nanopores on a PMMA Membrane by a Local High Electric Field Controlled Breakdown |
| title_fullStr | Fast Fabrication Nanopores on a PMMA Membrane by a Local High Electric Field Controlled Breakdown |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fast Fabrication Nanopores on a PMMA Membrane by a Local High Electric Field Controlled Breakdown |
| title_short | Fast Fabrication Nanopores on a PMMA Membrane by a Local High Electric Field Controlled Breakdown |
| title_sort | fast fabrication nanopores on a pmma membrane by a local high electric field controlled breakdown |
| topic | PMMA nanopore controlled breakdown local high electric field low noise |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/7/2109 |
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