| Summary: | We investigated the effects of familiarization on the reliability of gross efficiency (GE) and lower-limb electromyography (EMG-rms) of adults and adolescents. We also evaluated the relationship between inter-test differences in GE and EMG-rms. Nine adult and nine adolescent cyclists performed three 10 min cycling tests at 50% of peak power output, separated by 48 h. Forty-five minutes familiarization visits were performed 24 h after each test. No differences were found across the tests for adult cyclists’ GE or EMG-rms, with Coefficient of Variation (CV%) ranging from 2.6 to 2.9% (GE) and 4.3 to 7.4%. Among adolescents, there was an increase in GE between tests 1 and 2 (p < 0.001) but not 2–3 (p = 0.438), with CVs decreasing from 6.8 to 2.6%. The adolescents’ EMG-rms decreased (p < 0.05) between tests 1 and 2, with CVs from 8.4 to 12.5%. There were no relationships (p > 0.05) between the inter-test differences of GE and EMG-rms. GE can be reliably determined; however, adolescents require two exposures to cycling. Without familiarization, adolescent EMG-rms is more variable than adults and would require larger samples to establish differences. The weak relationships between inter-test EMG-rms and inter-test GE questions the link between muscle activation and GE changes.
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