Exploring the In Vivo Existence Forms (23 Original Constituents and 147 Metabolites) of Astragali Radix Total Flavonoids and Their Distributions in Rats Using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS<sup>n</sup>

Astragali Radix total flavonoids (ARTF) is one of the main bioactive components of Astragali Radix (AR), and has many pharmacological effects. However, its metabolism and effective forms remains unclear. The HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS<sup>n</sup> technique was used to screen and tentatively...

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Main Authors: Li-Jia Liu, Hong-Fu Li, Feng Xu, Hong-Yan Wang, Yi-Fan Zhang, Guang-Xue Liu, Ming-Ying Shang, Xuan Wang, Shao-Qing Cai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-11-01
Series:Molecules
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/23/5560
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author Li-Jia Liu
Hong-Fu Li
Feng Xu
Hong-Yan Wang
Yi-Fan Zhang
Guang-Xue Liu
Ming-Ying Shang
Xuan Wang
Shao-Qing Cai
author_facet Li-Jia Liu
Hong-Fu Li
Feng Xu
Hong-Yan Wang
Yi-Fan Zhang
Guang-Xue Liu
Ming-Ying Shang
Xuan Wang
Shao-Qing Cai
author_sort Li-Jia Liu
collection DOAJ
description Astragali Radix total flavonoids (ARTF) is one of the main bioactive components of Astragali Radix (AR), and has many pharmacological effects. However, its metabolism and effective forms remains unclear. The HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS<sup>n</sup> technique was used to screen and tentatively identify the in vivo original constituents and metabolites of ARTF and to clarify their distribution in rats after oral administration. In addition, modern chromatographic methods were used to isolate the main metabolites from rat urine and NMR spectroscopy was used to elucidate their structures. As a result, 170 compounds (23 original constituents and 147 metabolites) were tentatively identified as forms existing in vivo, 13 of which have the same pharmacological effect with ARTF. Among 170 compounds, three were newly detected original constituents in vivo and 89 were new metabolites of ARTF, from which 12 metabolites were regarded as new compounds. Nineteen original constituents and 65 metabolites were detected in 10 organs. Four metabolites were isolated and identified from rat urine, including a new compound (calycoisn-3’-<i>O</i>-glucuronide methyl ester), a firstly-isolated metabolite (astraisoflavan-7-<i>O</i>-glucoside-2’-<i>O</i>-glucuronide), and two known metabolites (daidzein-7-<i>O</i>-sulfate and calycosin-3’-<i>O</i>-glucuronide). The original constituents and metabolites existing in vivo may be material basis for ARTF efficacy, and these findings are helpful for further clarifying the effective forms of ARTF.
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spelling doaj.art-75e56c4f0d1d4c2caade6dbf055867732023-11-20T22:31:27ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-11-012523556010.3390/molecules25235560Exploring the In Vivo Existence Forms (23 Original Constituents and 147 Metabolites) of Astragali Radix Total Flavonoids and Their Distributions in Rats Using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS<sup>n</sup>Li-Jia Liu0Hong-Fu Li1Feng Xu2Hong-Yan Wang3Yi-Fan Zhang4Guang-Xue Liu5Ming-Ying Shang6Xuan Wang7Shao-Qing Cai8State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, ChinaAstragali Radix total flavonoids (ARTF) is one of the main bioactive components of Astragali Radix (AR), and has many pharmacological effects. However, its metabolism and effective forms remains unclear. The HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS<sup>n</sup> technique was used to screen and tentatively identify the in vivo original constituents and metabolites of ARTF and to clarify their distribution in rats after oral administration. In addition, modern chromatographic methods were used to isolate the main metabolites from rat urine and NMR spectroscopy was used to elucidate their structures. As a result, 170 compounds (23 original constituents and 147 metabolites) were tentatively identified as forms existing in vivo, 13 of which have the same pharmacological effect with ARTF. Among 170 compounds, three were newly detected original constituents in vivo and 89 were new metabolites of ARTF, from which 12 metabolites were regarded as new compounds. Nineteen original constituents and 65 metabolites were detected in 10 organs. Four metabolites were isolated and identified from rat urine, including a new compound (calycoisn-3’-<i>O</i>-glucuronide methyl ester), a firstly-isolated metabolite (astraisoflavan-7-<i>O</i>-glucoside-2’-<i>O</i>-glucuronide), and two known metabolites (daidzein-7-<i>O</i>-sulfate and calycosin-3’-<i>O</i>-glucuronide). The original constituents and metabolites existing in vivo may be material basis for ARTF efficacy, and these findings are helpful for further clarifying the effective forms of ARTF.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/23/5560Astragali RadixflavonoidsmetabolismLC-MSeffective forms
spellingShingle Li-Jia Liu
Hong-Fu Li
Feng Xu
Hong-Yan Wang
Yi-Fan Zhang
Guang-Xue Liu
Ming-Ying Shang
Xuan Wang
Shao-Qing Cai
Exploring the In Vivo Existence Forms (23 Original Constituents and 147 Metabolites) of Astragali Radix Total Flavonoids and Their Distributions in Rats Using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS<sup>n</sup>
Molecules
Astragali Radix
flavonoids
metabolism
LC-MS
effective forms
title Exploring the In Vivo Existence Forms (23 Original Constituents and 147 Metabolites) of Astragali Radix Total Flavonoids and Their Distributions in Rats Using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS<sup>n</sup>
title_full Exploring the In Vivo Existence Forms (23 Original Constituents and 147 Metabolites) of Astragali Radix Total Flavonoids and Their Distributions in Rats Using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS<sup>n</sup>
title_fullStr Exploring the In Vivo Existence Forms (23 Original Constituents and 147 Metabolites) of Astragali Radix Total Flavonoids and Their Distributions in Rats Using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS<sup>n</sup>
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the In Vivo Existence Forms (23 Original Constituents and 147 Metabolites) of Astragali Radix Total Flavonoids and Their Distributions in Rats Using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS<sup>n</sup>
title_short Exploring the In Vivo Existence Forms (23 Original Constituents and 147 Metabolites) of Astragali Radix Total Flavonoids and Their Distributions in Rats Using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS<sup>n</sup>
title_sort exploring the in vivo existence forms 23 original constituents and 147 metabolites of astragali radix total flavonoids and their distributions in rats using hplc dad esi it tof ms sup n sup
topic Astragali Radix
flavonoids
metabolism
LC-MS
effective forms
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/23/5560
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