Dietary Fructose and Sodium Consumed during Early Mid-Life Are Associated with Hypertensive End-Organ Damage by Late Mid-Life in the CARDIA Cohort
We aimed to investigate how dietary fructose and sodium impact blood pressure and risk of hypertensive target organ damage 10 years later. Data from <i>n</i> = 3116 individuals were obtained from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Four groups were identi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/7/913 |
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| author | Dragana Komnenov Mohammad Al-Hadidi Hamza Ali Malik Al-Jamal Kassim Salami Samy Shelbaya Kareem Tayeb Daniel Domin Rana Elhamzawy |
| author_facet | Dragana Komnenov Mohammad Al-Hadidi Hamza Ali Malik Al-Jamal Kassim Salami Samy Shelbaya Kareem Tayeb Daniel Domin Rana Elhamzawy |
| author_sort | Dragana Komnenov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We aimed to investigate how dietary fructose and sodium impact blood pressure and risk of hypertensive target organ damage 10 years later. Data from <i>n</i> = 3116 individuals were obtained from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Four groups were identified based on the four possible combinations of the lower and upper 50th percentile for sodium (in mg) and fructose (expressed as percent of total daily calories). Differences among groups were ascertained and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the risk of hypertensive target organ damage (diastolic dysfunction, coronary calcification and albuminuria). Individuals in the low-fructose + low-sodium group were found to have lower SBP compared to those in the low-fructose + high-sodium and high-fructose + high-sodium groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The highest risk for hypertensive target organ damage was found for albuminuria only in the high-fructose + high-sodium group (OR = 3.328, <i>p</i> = 0.006) while female sex was protective across all groups against coronary calcification. Our findings highlight that sodium alone may not be the culprit for hypertension and hypertensive target organ damage, but rather when combined with an increased intake of dietary fructose, especially in middle-aged individuals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:37:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-75eb9f70c19c42248857afd1f987e6c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:37:57Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-75eb9f70c19c42248857afd1f987e6c12024-04-12T13:24:06ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432024-03-0116791310.3390/nu16070913Dietary Fructose and Sodium Consumed during Early Mid-Life Are Associated with Hypertensive End-Organ Damage by Late Mid-Life in the CARDIA CohortDragana Komnenov0Mohammad Al-Hadidi1Hamza Ali2Malik Al-Jamal3Kassim Salami4Samy Shelbaya5Kareem Tayeb6Daniel Domin7Rana Elhamzawy8Physiology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USAPhysiology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USAPhysiology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USAPhysiology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USAPhysiology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USAPhysiology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USAPhysiology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USAPhysiology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USAPhysiology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USAWe aimed to investigate how dietary fructose and sodium impact blood pressure and risk of hypertensive target organ damage 10 years later. Data from <i>n</i> = 3116 individuals were obtained from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Four groups were identified based on the four possible combinations of the lower and upper 50th percentile for sodium (in mg) and fructose (expressed as percent of total daily calories). Differences among groups were ascertained and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the risk of hypertensive target organ damage (diastolic dysfunction, coronary calcification and albuminuria). Individuals in the low-fructose + low-sodium group were found to have lower SBP compared to those in the low-fructose + high-sodium and high-fructose + high-sodium groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The highest risk for hypertensive target organ damage was found for albuminuria only in the high-fructose + high-sodium group (OR = 3.328, <i>p</i> = 0.006) while female sex was protective across all groups against coronary calcification. Our findings highlight that sodium alone may not be the culprit for hypertension and hypertensive target organ damage, but rather when combined with an increased intake of dietary fructose, especially in middle-aged individuals.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/7/913dietary fructosedietary sodiumblood pressurehypertensive target organ damage |
| spellingShingle | Dragana Komnenov Mohammad Al-Hadidi Hamza Ali Malik Al-Jamal Kassim Salami Samy Shelbaya Kareem Tayeb Daniel Domin Rana Elhamzawy Dietary Fructose and Sodium Consumed during Early Mid-Life Are Associated with Hypertensive End-Organ Damage by Late Mid-Life in the CARDIA Cohort Nutrients dietary fructose dietary sodium blood pressure hypertensive target organ damage |
| title | Dietary Fructose and Sodium Consumed during Early Mid-Life Are Associated with Hypertensive End-Organ Damage by Late Mid-Life in the CARDIA Cohort |
| title_full | Dietary Fructose and Sodium Consumed during Early Mid-Life Are Associated with Hypertensive End-Organ Damage by Late Mid-Life in the CARDIA Cohort |
| title_fullStr | Dietary Fructose and Sodium Consumed during Early Mid-Life Are Associated with Hypertensive End-Organ Damage by Late Mid-Life in the CARDIA Cohort |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary Fructose and Sodium Consumed during Early Mid-Life Are Associated with Hypertensive End-Organ Damage by Late Mid-Life in the CARDIA Cohort |
| title_short | Dietary Fructose and Sodium Consumed during Early Mid-Life Are Associated with Hypertensive End-Organ Damage by Late Mid-Life in the CARDIA Cohort |
| title_sort | dietary fructose and sodium consumed during early mid life are associated with hypertensive end organ damage by late mid life in the cardia cohort |
| topic | dietary fructose dietary sodium blood pressure hypertensive target organ damage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/7/913 |
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