Thermodynamic and kinematic structure of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific based on ACARS/AMDAR
Meteorological variables are often reported by commercial aircraft flying around tropical cyclones (TCs). They are archived in Aircraft Communications, Addressing, and Reporting System/Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (ACARS/AMDAR). Therefore, they are potentially useful for constructing a composi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Earth Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.1058262/full |
| _version_ | 1811190062662025216 |
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| author | Kosuke Ito Kosuke Ito Ren Yamamoto |
| author_facet | Kosuke Ito Kosuke Ito Ren Yamamoto |
| author_sort | Kosuke Ito |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Meteorological variables are often reported by commercial aircraft flying around tropical cyclones (TCs). They are archived in Aircraft Communications, Addressing, and Reporting System/Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (ACARS/AMDAR). Therefore, they are potentially useful for constructing a composite mean structure of TCs based on in-situ measurements. The number of temperature and wind observations are 4.0 × 106 and 1.0 × 104 within the radius of 1,200 km and 100 km from the TC center during 2010–2020, respectively. The warm-core potential temperature anomaly with respect to the climatology is 6.4 K, 9.1 K, and 14.4 K maximized around 300 hPa for weak, moderate, and strong TCs, respectively. The composite of the potential temperature anomaly potentially extends more than 1,000 km from the TC center in the upper troposphere, cautioning the typical definition of the environment. The region of significant upper-level positive potential temperature anomalies extends broadly with increasing TC intensity. Moreover, large TCs tend to have a broad and deep upper-level warm core for a given intensity. In addition, we ensured that a single observation of potential temperature around 300 hPa could be used as a proxy for minimum sea level pressure. Low-level inflow and upper-level outflow were detected in the ACARS/AMDAR data. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:45:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-75f2671ac93d432a9cf50d8586e2a0be |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-6463 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:45:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-75f2671ac93d432a9cf50d8586e2a0be2022-12-22T04:17:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632022-12-011010.3389/feart.2022.10582621058262Thermodynamic and kinematic structure of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific based on ACARS/AMDARKosuke Ito0Kosuke Ito1Ren Yamamoto2Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, JapanTyphoon Science and Technology Research Center, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, JapanDepartment of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, JapanMeteorological variables are often reported by commercial aircraft flying around tropical cyclones (TCs). They are archived in Aircraft Communications, Addressing, and Reporting System/Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (ACARS/AMDAR). Therefore, they are potentially useful for constructing a composite mean structure of TCs based on in-situ measurements. The number of temperature and wind observations are 4.0 × 106 and 1.0 × 104 within the radius of 1,200 km and 100 km from the TC center during 2010–2020, respectively. The warm-core potential temperature anomaly with respect to the climatology is 6.4 K, 9.1 K, and 14.4 K maximized around 300 hPa for weak, moderate, and strong TCs, respectively. The composite of the potential temperature anomaly potentially extends more than 1,000 km from the TC center in the upper troposphere, cautioning the typical definition of the environment. The region of significant upper-level positive potential temperature anomalies extends broadly with increasing TC intensity. Moreover, large TCs tend to have a broad and deep upper-level warm core for a given intensity. In addition, we ensured that a single observation of potential temperature around 300 hPa could be used as a proxy for minimum sea level pressure. Low-level inflow and upper-level outflow were detected in the ACARS/AMDAR data.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.1058262/fullwarm coretropical cycloneaircraftwindtemperature |
| spellingShingle | Kosuke Ito Kosuke Ito Ren Yamamoto Thermodynamic and kinematic structure of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific based on ACARS/AMDAR Frontiers in Earth Science warm core tropical cyclone aircraft wind temperature |
| title | Thermodynamic and kinematic structure of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific based on ACARS/AMDAR |
| title_full | Thermodynamic and kinematic structure of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific based on ACARS/AMDAR |
| title_fullStr | Thermodynamic and kinematic structure of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific based on ACARS/AMDAR |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermodynamic and kinematic structure of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific based on ACARS/AMDAR |
| title_short | Thermodynamic and kinematic structure of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific based on ACARS/AMDAR |
| title_sort | thermodynamic and kinematic structure of tropical cyclones in the western north pacific based on acars amdar |
| topic | warm core tropical cyclone aircraft wind temperature |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.1058262/full |
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