Mass Production of Lemna minor and Its Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Profiles
The surface floating duckweed Lemna minor (Lemnaceae) is a potential ingredient to replace the application of fish-meal in the aqua-feed. The culture technique of the duckweed was standardized in outdoor tanks and then applied in the pond. Three consecutive experiments were conducted in tanks (1.2 ×...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fchem.2018.00479/full |
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| author | Rina Chakrabarti William D. Clark Jai Gopal Sharma Ravi Kumar Goswami Avanish Kumar Shrivastav Douglas R. Tocher |
| author_facet | Rina Chakrabarti William D. Clark Jai Gopal Sharma Ravi Kumar Goswami Avanish Kumar Shrivastav Douglas R. Tocher |
| author_sort | Rina Chakrabarti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The surface floating duckweed Lemna minor (Lemnaceae) is a potential ingredient to replace the application of fish-meal in the aqua-feed. The culture technique of the duckweed was standardized in outdoor tanks and then applied in the pond. Three consecutive experiments were conducted in tanks (1.2 × 0.35 × 0.3 m). In experiment 1, four different manures were used. In manure 1 (organic manure, OM) and manure 3 (2x OM), cattle manure, poultry droppings, and mustard oil cake (1:1:1) were used; in manure 2 (inorganic fertilizer, IF), urea, potash, triple superphosphate were used; manure 4 (2x OM+IF) was a combination of manure 2 and manure 3. In experiment 2, manure 1 (OM) and manure 2 (IF) were used, and manure 3 (OM+IF) was a combination of both manures. In experiment 3, OM and IF were selected. In pond (20 × 10 × 0.5 m), OM was applied. Fresh duckweed was seeded after 5 days of manure application. In experiments 1 and 3, total production was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in OM compared to other treatments. In experiment 2, there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in production between OM and IF. In pond, relative growth rate (RGR) of duckweed ranged from 0.422 to 0.073 g/g/day and total production was 702.5 Kg/ha/month (dry weight). Protein, lipid, and ash contents were higher in duckweed cultured in OM compared to IF. The duckweed was a rich source of essential (39.20%), non-essential (53.64%), and non-proteinogenic (7.13%) amino acids. Among essential amino acids, leucine, isoleucine, and valine constituted 48.67%. Glutamic acid was 25.87% of total non-essential amino acids. Citrulline, hydroxiproline, taurine, etc. were found in the duckweed. The fatty acid composition was dominated by PUFA, 60–63% of total fatty acids, largely α-linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3) at around 41 to 47% and linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) at 17–18%. The nutritional value of duckweeds and their production potential in the pond conditions were evaluated. Duckweed biomass may thus be used to replace commercial fish-meal that is currently used in aquaculture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T05:57:04Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-75f4e569102c43faafdd664e2a9b413d2022-12-21T17:57:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Chemistry2296-26462018-10-01610.3389/fchem.2018.00479364721Mass Production of Lemna minor and Its Amino Acid and Fatty Acid ProfilesRina Chakrabarti0William D. Clark1Jai Gopal Sharma2Ravi Kumar Goswami3Avanish Kumar Shrivastav4Douglas R. Tocher5Aqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaInstitute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, ScotlandDepartment of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, IndiaAqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, IndiaInstitute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, ScotlandThe surface floating duckweed Lemna minor (Lemnaceae) is a potential ingredient to replace the application of fish-meal in the aqua-feed. The culture technique of the duckweed was standardized in outdoor tanks and then applied in the pond. Three consecutive experiments were conducted in tanks (1.2 × 0.35 × 0.3 m). In experiment 1, four different manures were used. In manure 1 (organic manure, OM) and manure 3 (2x OM), cattle manure, poultry droppings, and mustard oil cake (1:1:1) were used; in manure 2 (inorganic fertilizer, IF), urea, potash, triple superphosphate were used; manure 4 (2x OM+IF) was a combination of manure 2 and manure 3. In experiment 2, manure 1 (OM) and manure 2 (IF) were used, and manure 3 (OM+IF) was a combination of both manures. In experiment 3, OM and IF were selected. In pond (20 × 10 × 0.5 m), OM was applied. Fresh duckweed was seeded after 5 days of manure application. In experiments 1 and 3, total production was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in OM compared to other treatments. In experiment 2, there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in production between OM and IF. In pond, relative growth rate (RGR) of duckweed ranged from 0.422 to 0.073 g/g/day and total production was 702.5 Kg/ha/month (dry weight). Protein, lipid, and ash contents were higher in duckweed cultured in OM compared to IF. The duckweed was a rich source of essential (39.20%), non-essential (53.64%), and non-proteinogenic (7.13%) amino acids. Among essential amino acids, leucine, isoleucine, and valine constituted 48.67%. Glutamic acid was 25.87% of total non-essential amino acids. Citrulline, hydroxiproline, taurine, etc. were found in the duckweed. The fatty acid composition was dominated by PUFA, 60–63% of total fatty acids, largely α-linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3) at around 41 to 47% and linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) at 17–18%. The nutritional value of duckweeds and their production potential in the pond conditions were evaluated. Duckweed biomass may thus be used to replace commercial fish-meal that is currently used in aquaculture.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fchem.2018.00479/fullLemna minororganic manureproximate compositionamino acidsfatty acids |
| spellingShingle | Rina Chakrabarti William D. Clark Jai Gopal Sharma Ravi Kumar Goswami Avanish Kumar Shrivastav Douglas R. Tocher Mass Production of Lemna minor and Its Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Profiles Frontiers in Chemistry Lemna minor organic manure proximate composition amino acids fatty acids |
| title | Mass Production of Lemna minor and Its Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Profiles |
| title_full | Mass Production of Lemna minor and Its Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Profiles |
| title_fullStr | Mass Production of Lemna minor and Its Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Profiles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mass Production of Lemna minor and Its Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Profiles |
| title_short | Mass Production of Lemna minor and Its Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Profiles |
| title_sort | mass production of lemna minor and its amino acid and fatty acid profiles |
| topic | Lemna minor organic manure proximate composition amino acids fatty acids |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fchem.2018.00479/full |
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