The Role of Hypomagnesemia in Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Clinical Perspective
The importance of magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>), a micronutrient implicated in maintaining and establishing a normal heart rhythm, is still controversial. It is known that magnesium is the cofactor of 600 and the activator of another 200 enzymatic reactions in the human organism. Hypomagne...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/10/2356 |
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| author | Alina Gabriela Negru Anda Pastorcici Simina Crisan Gabriel Cismaru Florina Georgeta Popescu Constantin Tudor Luca |
| author_facet | Alina Gabriela Negru Anda Pastorcici Simina Crisan Gabriel Cismaru Florina Georgeta Popescu Constantin Tudor Luca |
| author_sort | Alina Gabriela Negru |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The importance of magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>), a micronutrient implicated in maintaining and establishing a normal heart rhythm, is still controversial. It is known that magnesium is the cofactor of 600 and the activator of another 200 enzymatic reactions in the human organism. Hypomagnesemia can be linked to many factors, causing disturbances in energy metabolism, ion channel exchanges, action potential alteration and myocardial cell instability, all mostly leading to ventricular arrhythmia. This review article focuses on identifying evidence-based implications of Mg<sup>2+</sup> in cardiac arrhythmias. The main identified benefits of magnesemia correction are linked to controlling ventricular response in atrial fibrillation, decreasing the recurrence of ventricular ectopies and stopping episodes of the particular form of ventricular arrhythmia called torsade de pointes. Magnesium has also been described to have beneficial effects on the incidence of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia. The implication of hypomagnesemia in the genesis of atrial fibrillation is well established; however, even if magnesium supplementation for rhythm control, cardioversion facility or cardioversion success/recurrence of AF after cardiac surgery and rate control during AF showed some benefit, it remains controversial. Although small randomised clinical trials showed a reduction in mortality when magnesium was administered to patients with acute myocardial infarction, the large randomised clinical trials failed to show any benefit of the administration of intravenous magnesium over placebo. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:39:54Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:39:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-7605c68b1bbf40f0bdd24af8a72afeb82023-11-23T23:01:41ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-09-011010235610.3390/biomedicines10102356The Role of Hypomagnesemia in Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Clinical PerspectiveAlina Gabriela Negru0Anda Pastorcici1Simina Crisan2Gabriel Cismaru3Florina Georgeta Popescu4Constantin Tudor Luca5Department of Cardiology, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaRocordis Cardiology Hospital, 300174 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment of Cardiology, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Cardiology-Rehabilitation, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Occupational Health, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment of Cardiology, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaThe importance of magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>), a micronutrient implicated in maintaining and establishing a normal heart rhythm, is still controversial. It is known that magnesium is the cofactor of 600 and the activator of another 200 enzymatic reactions in the human organism. Hypomagnesemia can be linked to many factors, causing disturbances in energy metabolism, ion channel exchanges, action potential alteration and myocardial cell instability, all mostly leading to ventricular arrhythmia. This review article focuses on identifying evidence-based implications of Mg<sup>2+</sup> in cardiac arrhythmias. The main identified benefits of magnesemia correction are linked to controlling ventricular response in atrial fibrillation, decreasing the recurrence of ventricular ectopies and stopping episodes of the particular form of ventricular arrhythmia called torsade de pointes. Magnesium has also been described to have beneficial effects on the incidence of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia. The implication of hypomagnesemia in the genesis of atrial fibrillation is well established; however, even if magnesium supplementation for rhythm control, cardioversion facility or cardioversion success/recurrence of AF after cardiac surgery and rate control during AF showed some benefit, it remains controversial. Although small randomised clinical trials showed a reduction in mortality when magnesium was administered to patients with acute myocardial infarction, the large randomised clinical trials failed to show any benefit of the administration of intravenous magnesium over placebo.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/10/2356hypomagnesemiasupraventricular arrhythmiatorsade de pointesventricular arrhythmiaventricular tachycardiamagnesium supplementation |
| spellingShingle | Alina Gabriela Negru Anda Pastorcici Simina Crisan Gabriel Cismaru Florina Georgeta Popescu Constantin Tudor Luca The Role of Hypomagnesemia in Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Clinical Perspective Biomedicines hypomagnesemia supraventricular arrhythmia torsade de pointes ventricular arrhythmia ventricular tachycardia magnesium supplementation |
| title | The Role of Hypomagnesemia in Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Clinical Perspective |
| title_full | The Role of Hypomagnesemia in Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Clinical Perspective |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Hypomagnesemia in Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Clinical Perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Hypomagnesemia in Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Clinical Perspective |
| title_short | The Role of Hypomagnesemia in Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Clinical Perspective |
| title_sort | role of hypomagnesemia in cardiac arrhythmias a clinical perspective |
| topic | hypomagnesemia supraventricular arrhythmia torsade de pointes ventricular arrhythmia ventricular tachycardia magnesium supplementation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/10/2356 |
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