Combined Utilization of Chinese Milk Vetch, Rice Straw, and Lime Reduces Soil Available Cd and Cd Accumulation in Rice Grains
Cadmium (Cd) pollution poses a growing threat to rice production in acidic paddies. In south China, a common agricultural practice involves the combined utilization of Chinese milk vetch (M) and rice straw (R). However, it is unclear how the addition of lime to these amendments affects Cd bioavailab...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/910 |
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| author | Changyu Fang Yajie Gao Jianglin Zhang Yanhong Lu Yulin Liao Xue Xie Jian Xiao Zhenyu Yu Fangxi Liu Haoliang Yuan Naimei Tu Jun Nie |
| author_facet | Changyu Fang Yajie Gao Jianglin Zhang Yanhong Lu Yulin Liao Xue Xie Jian Xiao Zhenyu Yu Fangxi Liu Haoliang Yuan Naimei Tu Jun Nie |
| author_sort | Changyu Fang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cadmium (Cd) pollution poses a growing threat to rice production in acidic paddies. In south China, a common agricultural practice involves the combined utilization of Chinese milk vetch (M) and rice straw (R). However, it is unclear how the addition of lime to these amendments affects Cd bioavailability and accumulation in soil. Control (CK), chemical fertilizer (F), Chinese milk vetch + rice straw + chemical fertilizer (MRF), and Chinese milk vetch + rice straw + chemical fertilizer + lime (MRFL) treatments were applied to develop a kind of green, efficient, and practical amendment for acidic paddies. We conducted a microplot experiment to explore Cd immobilization in paddy soil and the Cd content in rice grains with these treatments. The results showed that compared with F, the rice Cd in the MRF and MRFL treatments were significantly decreased by 51.7% and 65.2% in early rice and 23.0% and 43.3% in late rice, respectively. Both the MRF and MRFL treatments significantly reduced soil available Cd and weak acid-extractable cadmium (Aci-Cd) concentrations and increased soil organic matter (SOM), exchangeable cation concentrations, and pH, which converted Cd into a stable form in soil. In addition, the MRF and MRFL treatments increased soil pH value by reducing soil exchangeable hydrogen ion concentration (E-H). Additionally, recombination of Cd forms was the primary factor in the reduction in available Cd concentration according to partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) analysis. The Cd concentration of rice grains was primarily associated with soil available Cd, soil pH value, and SOM. Overall, these results provide useful data and novel insights into reducing rice grain Cd in south China. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:02:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-76137f7b52fc494290a2252795628149 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:02:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-76137f7b52fc494290a22527956281492023-11-17T09:08:01ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-03-0113391010.3390/agronomy13030910Combined Utilization of Chinese Milk Vetch, Rice Straw, and Lime Reduces Soil Available Cd and Cd Accumulation in Rice GrainsChangyu Fang0Yajie Gao1Jianglin Zhang2Yanhong Lu3Yulin Liao4Xue Xie5Jian Xiao6Zhenyu Yu7Fangxi Liu8Haoliang Yuan9Naimei Tu10Jun Nie11College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaSoil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, ChinaSoil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, ChinaSoil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, ChinaSoil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, ChinaSoil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, ChinaSoil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaSoil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaSoil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, ChinaCadmium (Cd) pollution poses a growing threat to rice production in acidic paddies. In south China, a common agricultural practice involves the combined utilization of Chinese milk vetch (M) and rice straw (R). However, it is unclear how the addition of lime to these amendments affects Cd bioavailability and accumulation in soil. Control (CK), chemical fertilizer (F), Chinese milk vetch + rice straw + chemical fertilizer (MRF), and Chinese milk vetch + rice straw + chemical fertilizer + lime (MRFL) treatments were applied to develop a kind of green, efficient, and practical amendment for acidic paddies. We conducted a microplot experiment to explore Cd immobilization in paddy soil and the Cd content in rice grains with these treatments. The results showed that compared with F, the rice Cd in the MRF and MRFL treatments were significantly decreased by 51.7% and 65.2% in early rice and 23.0% and 43.3% in late rice, respectively. Both the MRF and MRFL treatments significantly reduced soil available Cd and weak acid-extractable cadmium (Aci-Cd) concentrations and increased soil organic matter (SOM), exchangeable cation concentrations, and pH, which converted Cd into a stable form in soil. In addition, the MRF and MRFL treatments increased soil pH value by reducing soil exchangeable hydrogen ion concentration (E-H). Additionally, recombination of Cd forms was the primary factor in the reduction in available Cd concentration according to partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) analysis. The Cd concentration of rice grains was primarily associated with soil available Cd, soil pH value, and SOM. Overall, these results provide useful data and novel insights into reducing rice grain Cd in south China.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/910paddy soilavailable CdChinese milk vetchrice strawlimesoil remediation |
| spellingShingle | Changyu Fang Yajie Gao Jianglin Zhang Yanhong Lu Yulin Liao Xue Xie Jian Xiao Zhenyu Yu Fangxi Liu Haoliang Yuan Naimei Tu Jun Nie Combined Utilization of Chinese Milk Vetch, Rice Straw, and Lime Reduces Soil Available Cd and Cd Accumulation in Rice Grains Agronomy paddy soil available Cd Chinese milk vetch rice straw lime soil remediation |
| title | Combined Utilization of Chinese Milk Vetch, Rice Straw, and Lime Reduces Soil Available Cd and Cd Accumulation in Rice Grains |
| title_full | Combined Utilization of Chinese Milk Vetch, Rice Straw, and Lime Reduces Soil Available Cd and Cd Accumulation in Rice Grains |
| title_fullStr | Combined Utilization of Chinese Milk Vetch, Rice Straw, and Lime Reduces Soil Available Cd and Cd Accumulation in Rice Grains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combined Utilization of Chinese Milk Vetch, Rice Straw, and Lime Reduces Soil Available Cd and Cd Accumulation in Rice Grains |
| title_short | Combined Utilization of Chinese Milk Vetch, Rice Straw, and Lime Reduces Soil Available Cd and Cd Accumulation in Rice Grains |
| title_sort | combined utilization of chinese milk vetch rice straw and lime reduces soil available cd and cd accumulation in rice grains |
| topic | paddy soil available Cd Chinese milk vetch rice straw lime soil remediation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/910 |
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