Raman, TEM, EELS, and Magnetic Studies of a Magnetically Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid following Exposure to <i>Daphnia magna</i> Biomarkers
A ternary nanocomposite made of nanomaghemite, nanoanatase, and graphene oxide has been successfully synthesized using an inorganic coprecipitation approach, and it has been systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and different spectrocopic techniques (ele...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/11/1805 |
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| author | Juan A. Ramos-Guivar Jacquelyne Y. Zarria-Romero Yamerson Canchanya-Huaman Jorge Andres Guerra Noemi-Raquel Checca-Huaman Isabel-Liz Castro-Merino Edson C. Passamani |
| author_facet | Juan A. Ramos-Guivar Jacquelyne Y. Zarria-Romero Yamerson Canchanya-Huaman Jorge Andres Guerra Noemi-Raquel Checca-Huaman Isabel-Liz Castro-Merino Edson C. Passamani |
| author_sort | Juan A. Ramos-Guivar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A ternary nanocomposite made of nanomaghemite, nanoanatase, and graphene oxide has been successfully synthesized using an inorganic coprecipitation approach, and it has been systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and different spectrocopic techniques (electron energy loss, µ-Raman, and <sup>57</sup>Fe Mössbauer) after interaction with an effluent containing <i>Daphnia magna</i> individuals. Specifically, the influence of the nanocomposite over the <i>Daphnia magna</i> carapace, administered in two doses (0.5 mg mL<sup>−1</sup> and 1 mg mL<sup>−1</sup>), has been characterized using µ-Raman spectroscopy before and after laser burning protocols, producing information about the physicochemical interaction with the biomarker. The thermal stability of the nanocomposite was found to be equal to 500 °C, where the nanoanatase and the nanomaghemite phases have respectively conserved their structural identities. The magnetic properties of the nanomaghemite have also been kept unchanged even after the high-temperature experiments and exposure to <i>Daphnia magna</i>. In particular, the size, texture, and structural and morphological properties of the ternary nanocomposite have not shown any significant physicochemical modifications after magnetic decantation recuperation. A significant result is that the graphene oxide reduction was kept even after the ecotoxicological assays. These sets of observations are based on the fact that while the UV-Vis spectrum has confirmed the graphene oxide reduction with a localized peak at 260 nm, the 300-K and 15-K <sup>57</sup>Fe Mössbauer spectra have only revealed the presence of stoichiometric maghemite, i.e., the two well-defined static magnetic sextets often found in the bulk ferrimagnetic counterpart phase. The Mössbauer results have also agreed with the trivalent-like valence state of Fe ions, as also suggested by electron energy loss spectroscopy data. Thus, the ternary nanocomposite does not substantially affect the <i>Daphnia magna</i>, and it can be easily recovered using an ordinary magnetic decantation protocol due to the ferrimagnetic-like character of the nanomaghemite phase. Consequently, it shows remarkable physicochemical properties for further reuse, such as cleaning by polluted effluents, at least where <i>Daphnia magna</i> species are present. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7616d19e87d6410d9164a8df0ccd74582023-11-23T14:32:34ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-05-011211180510.3390/nano12111805Raman, TEM, EELS, and Magnetic Studies of a Magnetically Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid following Exposure to <i>Daphnia magna</i> BiomarkersJuan A. Ramos-Guivar0Jacquelyne Y. Zarria-Romero1Yamerson Canchanya-Huaman2Jorge Andres Guerra3Noemi-Raquel Checca-Huaman4Isabel-Liz Castro-Merino5Edson C. Passamani6Grupo de Investigación de Nanotecnología Aplicada para Biorremediación Ambiental, Energía, Biomedicina y Agricultura (NANOTECH), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 15081, PeruGrupo de Investigación de Nanotecnología Aplicada para Biorremediación Ambiental, Energía, Biomedicina y Agricultura (NANOTECH), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 15081, PeruGrupo de Investigación de Nanotecnología Aplicada para Biorremediación Ambiental, Energía, Biomedicina y Agricultura (NANOTECH), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 15081, PeruDepartamento de Ciencias, Sección Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 15088, PeruCentro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), R. Xavier Sigaud, 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, BrazilCentro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), R. Xavier Sigaud, 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, BrazilPhysics Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, BrazilA ternary nanocomposite made of nanomaghemite, nanoanatase, and graphene oxide has been successfully synthesized using an inorganic coprecipitation approach, and it has been systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and different spectrocopic techniques (electron energy loss, µ-Raman, and <sup>57</sup>Fe Mössbauer) after interaction with an effluent containing <i>Daphnia magna</i> individuals. Specifically, the influence of the nanocomposite over the <i>Daphnia magna</i> carapace, administered in two doses (0.5 mg mL<sup>−1</sup> and 1 mg mL<sup>−1</sup>), has been characterized using µ-Raman spectroscopy before and after laser burning protocols, producing information about the physicochemical interaction with the biomarker. The thermal stability of the nanocomposite was found to be equal to 500 °C, where the nanoanatase and the nanomaghemite phases have respectively conserved their structural identities. The magnetic properties of the nanomaghemite have also been kept unchanged even after the high-temperature experiments and exposure to <i>Daphnia magna</i>. In particular, the size, texture, and structural and morphological properties of the ternary nanocomposite have not shown any significant physicochemical modifications after magnetic decantation recuperation. A significant result is that the graphene oxide reduction was kept even after the ecotoxicological assays. These sets of observations are based on the fact that while the UV-Vis spectrum has confirmed the graphene oxide reduction with a localized peak at 260 nm, the 300-K and 15-K <sup>57</sup>Fe Mössbauer spectra have only revealed the presence of stoichiometric maghemite, i.e., the two well-defined static magnetic sextets often found in the bulk ferrimagnetic counterpart phase. The Mössbauer results have also agreed with the trivalent-like valence state of Fe ions, as also suggested by electron energy loss spectroscopy data. Thus, the ternary nanocomposite does not substantially affect the <i>Daphnia magna</i>, and it can be easily recovered using an ordinary magnetic decantation protocol due to the ferrimagnetic-like character of the nanomaghemite phase. Consequently, it shows remarkable physicochemical properties for further reuse, such as cleaning by polluted effluents, at least where <i>Daphnia magna</i> species are present.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/11/1805nanohybrid recoverage<i>Daphnia magna</i> biomarkerslethal dosepost-exposure characterization |
| spellingShingle | Juan A. Ramos-Guivar Jacquelyne Y. Zarria-Romero Yamerson Canchanya-Huaman Jorge Andres Guerra Noemi-Raquel Checca-Huaman Isabel-Liz Castro-Merino Edson C. Passamani Raman, TEM, EELS, and Magnetic Studies of a Magnetically Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid following Exposure to <i>Daphnia magna</i> Biomarkers Nanomaterials nanohybrid recoverage <i>Daphnia magna</i> biomarkers lethal dose post-exposure characterization |
| title | Raman, TEM, EELS, and Magnetic Studies of a Magnetically Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid following Exposure to <i>Daphnia magna</i> Biomarkers |
| title_full | Raman, TEM, EELS, and Magnetic Studies of a Magnetically Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid following Exposure to <i>Daphnia magna</i> Biomarkers |
| title_fullStr | Raman, TEM, EELS, and Magnetic Studies of a Magnetically Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid following Exposure to <i>Daphnia magna</i> Biomarkers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Raman, TEM, EELS, and Magnetic Studies of a Magnetically Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid following Exposure to <i>Daphnia magna</i> Biomarkers |
| title_short | Raman, TEM, EELS, and Magnetic Studies of a Magnetically Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid following Exposure to <i>Daphnia magna</i> Biomarkers |
| title_sort | raman tem eels and magnetic studies of a magnetically reduced graphene oxide nanohybrid following exposure to i daphnia magna i biomarkers |
| topic | nanohybrid recoverage <i>Daphnia magna</i> biomarkers lethal dose post-exposure characterization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/11/1805 |
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