In vitro model of human mammary gland microbial colonization (MAGIC) demonstrates distinctive cytokine response to imbalanced human milk microbiota
ABSTRACTDespite the established concept of the human mammary gland (MG) as a habitat with its own microbiota, the exact mechanism of MG colonization is still elusive and a well-characterized in vitro model would reinforce studies of the MG microbiota development. We aimed to establish and characteri...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Society for Microbiology
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Microbiology Spectrum |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.02369-23 |
| _version_ | 1797276747429838848 |
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| author | Primož Treven Diana Paveljšek Rok Kostanjšek Majda Golob Bojana Bogovič Matijašič Petra Mohar Lorbeg |
| author_facet | Primož Treven Diana Paveljšek Rok Kostanjšek Majda Golob Bojana Bogovič Matijašič Petra Mohar Lorbeg |
| author_sort | Primož Treven |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACTDespite the established concept of the human mammary gland (MG) as a habitat with its own microbiota, the exact mechanism of MG colonization is still elusive and a well-characterized in vitro model would reinforce studies of the MG microbiota development. We aimed to establish and characterize an in vitro cell model for studying MAmmary Gland mIcrobial Colonization (MAGIC) model. We used the immortalized cell line MCF10A, which expresses the strong polarized phenotype similar to MG ductal epithelium when cultured on a permeable support (Transwell). We analyzed the surface properties of the MAGIC model by gene expression analysis of E-cadherin, tight junction proteins, and mucins and by scanning electron microscopy. To demonstrate the applicability of the model, we tested the adhesion capability of the whole human milk (HM) microbial community and the cellular response of the model when challenged directly with raw HM samples. MCF10A on permeable supports differentiated and formed a tight barrier, by upregulation of CLDN8, MUC1, MUC4, and MUC20 genes. The surface of the model was covered with mucins and morphologically diverse with at least two cell types and two types of microvilli. Cells in the MAGIC model withstood the challenge with heat-treated HM samples and responded differently to the imbalanced HM microbiota by distinctive cytokine response. The microbial profile of the bacteria adhered on the MAGIC model reflected the microbiological profile of the input HM samples. The well-studied MAGIC model could be useful for studies of bacterial attachment to the MG and for in vitro studies of biofilm formation and microbiota development.IMPORTANCEThe MAGIC model may be particularly useful for studies of bacterial attachment to the surface of the mammary ducts and for in vitro studies of biofilm formation and the development of the human mammary gland (MG) microbiota. The model is also useful for immunological studies of the interaction between bacteria and MG cells. We obtained pioneering information on which of the bacteria present in the raw human milk (HM) were able to attach to the epithelium treated directly with raw HM, as well as on the effects of bacteria on the MG epithelial cells. The MAGIC cell model also offers new opportunities for research in other areas of MG physiology, such as the effects of bioactive milk components on microbial colonization of the MG, mastitis prevention, and studies of probiotic development. Since resident MG bacteria may be an important factor in breast cancer development, the MAGIC in vitro tool also offers new opportunities for cancer research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:33:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-761cb110b6fb432693cc45ad4add2a9a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2165-0497 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:33:44Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbiology Spectrum |
| spelling | doaj.art-761cb110b6fb432693cc45ad4add2a9a2024-03-05T14:04:36ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologyMicrobiology Spectrum2165-04972024-03-0112310.1128/spectrum.02369-23In vitro model of human mammary gland microbial colonization (MAGIC) demonstrates distinctive cytokine response to imbalanced human milk microbiotaPrimož Treven0Diana Paveljšek1Rok Kostanjšek2Majda Golob3Bojana Bogovič Matijašič4Petra Mohar Lorbeg5Department of Animal Science, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Domžale, SloveniaDepartment of Animal Science, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Domžale, SloveniaDepartment of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Chair of Zoology, Ljubljana, SloveniaUniversity of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Animal Science, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Domžale, SloveniaDepartment of Animal Science, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Domžale, SloveniaABSTRACTDespite the established concept of the human mammary gland (MG) as a habitat with its own microbiota, the exact mechanism of MG colonization is still elusive and a well-characterized in vitro model would reinforce studies of the MG microbiota development. We aimed to establish and characterize an in vitro cell model for studying MAmmary Gland mIcrobial Colonization (MAGIC) model. We used the immortalized cell line MCF10A, which expresses the strong polarized phenotype similar to MG ductal epithelium when cultured on a permeable support (Transwell). We analyzed the surface properties of the MAGIC model by gene expression analysis of E-cadherin, tight junction proteins, and mucins and by scanning electron microscopy. To demonstrate the applicability of the model, we tested the adhesion capability of the whole human milk (HM) microbial community and the cellular response of the model when challenged directly with raw HM samples. MCF10A on permeable supports differentiated and formed a tight barrier, by upregulation of CLDN8, MUC1, MUC4, and MUC20 genes. The surface of the model was covered with mucins and morphologically diverse with at least two cell types and two types of microvilli. Cells in the MAGIC model withstood the challenge with heat-treated HM samples and responded differently to the imbalanced HM microbiota by distinctive cytokine response. The microbial profile of the bacteria adhered on the MAGIC model reflected the microbiological profile of the input HM samples. The well-studied MAGIC model could be useful for studies of bacterial attachment to the MG and for in vitro studies of biofilm formation and microbiota development.IMPORTANCEThe MAGIC model may be particularly useful for studies of bacterial attachment to the surface of the mammary ducts and for in vitro studies of biofilm formation and the development of the human mammary gland (MG) microbiota. The model is also useful for immunological studies of the interaction between bacteria and MG cells. We obtained pioneering information on which of the bacteria present in the raw human milk (HM) were able to attach to the epithelium treated directly with raw HM, as well as on the effects of bacteria on the MG epithelial cells. The MAGIC cell model also offers new opportunities for research in other areas of MG physiology, such as the effects of bioactive milk components on microbial colonization of the MG, mastitis prevention, and studies of probiotic development. Since resident MG bacteria may be an important factor in breast cancer development, the MAGIC in vitro tool also offers new opportunities for cancer research.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.02369-23human milk microbiotabacterial adherencecytokine response |
| spellingShingle | Primož Treven Diana Paveljšek Rok Kostanjšek Majda Golob Bojana Bogovič Matijašič Petra Mohar Lorbeg In vitro model of human mammary gland microbial colonization (MAGIC) demonstrates distinctive cytokine response to imbalanced human milk microbiota Microbiology Spectrum human milk microbiota bacterial adherence cytokine response |
| title | In vitro model of human mammary gland microbial colonization (MAGIC) demonstrates distinctive cytokine response to imbalanced human milk microbiota |
| title_full | In vitro model of human mammary gland microbial colonization (MAGIC) demonstrates distinctive cytokine response to imbalanced human milk microbiota |
| title_fullStr | In vitro model of human mammary gland microbial colonization (MAGIC) demonstrates distinctive cytokine response to imbalanced human milk microbiota |
| title_full_unstemmed | In vitro model of human mammary gland microbial colonization (MAGIC) demonstrates distinctive cytokine response to imbalanced human milk microbiota |
| title_short | In vitro model of human mammary gland microbial colonization (MAGIC) demonstrates distinctive cytokine response to imbalanced human milk microbiota |
| title_sort | in vitro model of human mammary gland microbial colonization magic demonstrates distinctive cytokine response to imbalanced human milk microbiota |
| topic | human milk microbiota bacterial adherence cytokine response |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.02369-23 |
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