Maternal diabetes independent of BMI is associated with altered accretion of adipose tissue in large for gestational age fetuses.
<h4>Aim</h4>To analyse the effects of maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) and body mass Index (BMI) on central and peripheral fat accretion of large for gestational age (LGA) offspring.<h4>Methods</h4>This retrospective study included LGA fetuses (n = 595) with ultrasound scans a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2022-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268972 |
| _version_ | 1818048349975085056 |
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| author | Penny Lam Brendan J Mein Ronald J Benzie John T Ormerod Kristy P Robledo Emily J Hibbert Ralph K Nanan |
| author_facet | Penny Lam Brendan J Mein Ronald J Benzie John T Ormerod Kristy P Robledo Emily J Hibbert Ralph K Nanan |
| author_sort | Penny Lam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Aim</h4>To analyse the effects of maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) and body mass Index (BMI) on central and peripheral fat accretion of large for gestational age (LGA) offspring.<h4>Methods</h4>This retrospective study included LGA fetuses (n = 595) with ultrasound scans at early (19.23 ± 0.68 weeks), mid (28.98 ± 1.62 weeks) and late (36.20 ± 1.59 weeks) stages of adipogenesis and measured abdominal (AFT) and mid-thigh (TFT) fat as surrogates for central and peripheral adiposity. Women were categorised according to BMI and DM status [pre-gestational (P-DM; n = 59), insulin managed (I-GDM; n = 132) and diet managed gestational diabetes (D-GDM; n = 29)]. Analysis of variance and linear regressions were applied.<h4>Results</h4>AFT and TFT did not differ significantly between BMI categories (normal, overweight and obese). In contrast, AFT was significantly higher in pregnancies affected by D-GDM compared to non-DM pregnancies from mid stage (0.44 mm difference, p = 0.002) and for all DM categories in late stage of adipogenesis (≥ 0.49 mm difference, p < 0.008). Late stage TFT accretion was higher than controls for P-DM and I-GDM but not for D-GDM (0.67 mm difference, p < 0.001; 0.49 mm difference, p = 0.001, 0.56 mm difference, p = 0.22 respectively). In comparison to the early non-DM group with an AFT to TFT ratio of 1.07, the I-GDM group ratio was 1.25 (p < 0.001), which normalised by 28 weeks becoming similar to control ratios.<h4>Conclusions</h4>DM, independent of BMI, was associated with higher abdominal and mid-thigh fat accretion in fetuses. Use of insulin improved central to peripheral fat ratios in fetuses of GDM mothers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T10:20:17Z |
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| id | doaj.art-762b1a7166a94dd59bb7a69312378281 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T10:20:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-762b1a7166a94dd59bb7a693123782812022-12-22T01:52:53ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032022-01-01175e026897210.1371/journal.pone.0268972Maternal diabetes independent of BMI is associated with altered accretion of adipose tissue in large for gestational age fetuses.Penny LamBrendan J MeinRonald J BenzieJohn T OrmerodKristy P RobledoEmily J HibbertRalph K Nanan<h4>Aim</h4>To analyse the effects of maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) and body mass Index (BMI) on central and peripheral fat accretion of large for gestational age (LGA) offspring.<h4>Methods</h4>This retrospective study included LGA fetuses (n = 595) with ultrasound scans at early (19.23 ± 0.68 weeks), mid (28.98 ± 1.62 weeks) and late (36.20 ± 1.59 weeks) stages of adipogenesis and measured abdominal (AFT) and mid-thigh (TFT) fat as surrogates for central and peripheral adiposity. Women were categorised according to BMI and DM status [pre-gestational (P-DM; n = 59), insulin managed (I-GDM; n = 132) and diet managed gestational diabetes (D-GDM; n = 29)]. Analysis of variance and linear regressions were applied.<h4>Results</h4>AFT and TFT did not differ significantly between BMI categories (normal, overweight and obese). In contrast, AFT was significantly higher in pregnancies affected by D-GDM compared to non-DM pregnancies from mid stage (0.44 mm difference, p = 0.002) and for all DM categories in late stage of adipogenesis (≥ 0.49 mm difference, p < 0.008). Late stage TFT accretion was higher than controls for P-DM and I-GDM but not for D-GDM (0.67 mm difference, p < 0.001; 0.49 mm difference, p = 0.001, 0.56 mm difference, p = 0.22 respectively). In comparison to the early non-DM group with an AFT to TFT ratio of 1.07, the I-GDM group ratio was 1.25 (p < 0.001), which normalised by 28 weeks becoming similar to control ratios.<h4>Conclusions</h4>DM, independent of BMI, was associated with higher abdominal and mid-thigh fat accretion in fetuses. Use of insulin improved central to peripheral fat ratios in fetuses of GDM mothers.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268972 |
| spellingShingle | Penny Lam Brendan J Mein Ronald J Benzie John T Ormerod Kristy P Robledo Emily J Hibbert Ralph K Nanan Maternal diabetes independent of BMI is associated with altered accretion of adipose tissue in large for gestational age fetuses. PLoS ONE |
| title | Maternal diabetes independent of BMI is associated with altered accretion of adipose tissue in large for gestational age fetuses. |
| title_full | Maternal diabetes independent of BMI is associated with altered accretion of adipose tissue in large for gestational age fetuses. |
| title_fullStr | Maternal diabetes independent of BMI is associated with altered accretion of adipose tissue in large for gestational age fetuses. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Maternal diabetes independent of BMI is associated with altered accretion of adipose tissue in large for gestational age fetuses. |
| title_short | Maternal diabetes independent of BMI is associated with altered accretion of adipose tissue in large for gestational age fetuses. |
| title_sort | maternal diabetes independent of bmi is associated with altered accretion of adipose tissue in large for gestational age fetuses |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268972 |
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