The Impact of <em>FTO</em> Genetic Variants on Obesity and Its Metabolic Consequences is Dependent on Daily Macronutrient Intake
Numerous studies have identified the various fat mass and obesity-associated (<i>FTO</i>) genetic variants associated with obesity and its metabolic consequences; however, the impact of dietary factors on these associations remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the assoc...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-10-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/11/3255 |
| _version_ | 1797549976736235520 |
|---|---|
| author | Przemyslaw Czajkowski Edyta Adamska-Patruno Witold Bauer Joanna Fiedorczuk Urszula Krasowska Monika Moroz Maria Gorska Adam Kretowski |
| author_facet | Przemyslaw Czajkowski Edyta Adamska-Patruno Witold Bauer Joanna Fiedorczuk Urszula Krasowska Monika Moroz Maria Gorska Adam Kretowski |
| author_sort | Przemyslaw Czajkowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Numerous studies have identified the various fat mass and obesity-associated (<i>FTO</i>) genetic variants associated with obesity and its metabolic consequences; however, the impact of dietary factors on these associations remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between <i>FTO</i> single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), daily macronutrient intake, and obesity and its metabolic consequences. From 1549 Caucasian subjects of Polish origin, genotyped for the <i>FTO</i> SNPs (rs3751812, rs8044769, rs8050136, and rs9939609), 819 subjects were selected for gene–diet interaction analysis. Anthropometric measurements were performed and total body fat content and distribution, blood glucose and insulin concentration during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and lipid profile were determined. Macronutrient intake was analyzed based on three-day food records, and daily physical activity levels were evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Long Form (IPAQ-LF). Our study shows that carriers of the GG genotype of rs3751812 presented lower body weight, body mass index (BMI), total body fat content, and hip and waist circumference and presented lower obesity-related markers if more than 48% of daily energy intake was derived from carbohydrates and lower subcutaneous and visceral fat content when energy intake derived from dietary fat did not exceed 30%. Similar results were observed for rs8050136 CC genotype carriers. We did not notice any significant differences in obesity markers between genotypes of rs8044769, but we did observe a significant impact of diet-gene associations. Body weight and BMI were significantly higher in TT and CT genotype carriers if daily energy intake derived from carbohydrates was less than 48%. Moreover, in TT genotype carriers, we observed higher blood glucose concentration while fasting and during the OGTT test if more than 18% of total energy intake was derived from proteins. In conclusion, our results indicate that daily macronutrient intake may modulate the impact of <i>FTO</i> genetic SNPs on obesity and obesity-related metabolic consequences. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:22:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7634f9adb26e4d4b9bdfd95468e89a5b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:22:43Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-7634f9adb26e4d4b9bdfd95468e89a5b2023-11-20T18:22:17ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-10-011211325510.3390/nu12113255The Impact of <em>FTO</em> Genetic Variants on Obesity and Its Metabolic Consequences is Dependent on Daily Macronutrient IntakePrzemyslaw Czajkowski0Edyta Adamska-Patruno1Witold Bauer2Joanna Fiedorczuk3Urszula Krasowska4Monika Moroz5Maria Gorska6Adam Kretowski7Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, PolandClinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, PolandClinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, PolandClinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, PolandClinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, PolandClinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, PolandClinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, PolandNumerous studies have identified the various fat mass and obesity-associated (<i>FTO</i>) genetic variants associated with obesity and its metabolic consequences; however, the impact of dietary factors on these associations remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between <i>FTO</i> single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), daily macronutrient intake, and obesity and its metabolic consequences. From 1549 Caucasian subjects of Polish origin, genotyped for the <i>FTO</i> SNPs (rs3751812, rs8044769, rs8050136, and rs9939609), 819 subjects were selected for gene–diet interaction analysis. Anthropometric measurements were performed and total body fat content and distribution, blood glucose and insulin concentration during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and lipid profile were determined. Macronutrient intake was analyzed based on three-day food records, and daily physical activity levels were evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Long Form (IPAQ-LF). Our study shows that carriers of the GG genotype of rs3751812 presented lower body weight, body mass index (BMI), total body fat content, and hip and waist circumference and presented lower obesity-related markers if more than 48% of daily energy intake was derived from carbohydrates and lower subcutaneous and visceral fat content when energy intake derived from dietary fat did not exceed 30%. Similar results were observed for rs8050136 CC genotype carriers. We did not notice any significant differences in obesity markers between genotypes of rs8044769, but we did observe a significant impact of diet-gene associations. Body weight and BMI were significantly higher in TT and CT genotype carriers if daily energy intake derived from carbohydrates was less than 48%. Moreover, in TT genotype carriers, we observed higher blood glucose concentration while fasting and during the OGTT test if more than 18% of total energy intake was derived from proteins. In conclusion, our results indicate that daily macronutrient intake may modulate the impact of <i>FTO</i> genetic SNPs on obesity and obesity-related metabolic consequences.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/11/3255<i>FTO</i> geneobesitydietary proteindietary carbohydratesdietary fatmacronutrients |
| spellingShingle | Przemyslaw Czajkowski Edyta Adamska-Patruno Witold Bauer Joanna Fiedorczuk Urszula Krasowska Monika Moroz Maria Gorska Adam Kretowski The Impact of <em>FTO</em> Genetic Variants on Obesity and Its Metabolic Consequences is Dependent on Daily Macronutrient Intake Nutrients <i>FTO</i> gene obesity dietary protein dietary carbohydrates dietary fat macronutrients |
| title | The Impact of <em>FTO</em> Genetic Variants on Obesity and Its Metabolic Consequences is Dependent on Daily Macronutrient Intake |
| title_full | The Impact of <em>FTO</em> Genetic Variants on Obesity and Its Metabolic Consequences is Dependent on Daily Macronutrient Intake |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of <em>FTO</em> Genetic Variants on Obesity and Its Metabolic Consequences is Dependent on Daily Macronutrient Intake |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of <em>FTO</em> Genetic Variants on Obesity and Its Metabolic Consequences is Dependent on Daily Macronutrient Intake |
| title_short | The Impact of <em>FTO</em> Genetic Variants on Obesity and Its Metabolic Consequences is Dependent on Daily Macronutrient Intake |
| title_sort | impact of em fto em genetic variants on obesity and its metabolic consequences is dependent on daily macronutrient intake |
| topic | <i>FTO</i> gene obesity dietary protein dietary carbohydrates dietary fat macronutrients |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/11/3255 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT przemyslawczajkowski theimpactofemftoemgeneticvariantsonobesityanditsmetabolicconsequencesisdependentondailymacronutrientintake AT edytaadamskapatruno theimpactofemftoemgeneticvariantsonobesityanditsmetabolicconsequencesisdependentondailymacronutrientintake AT witoldbauer theimpactofemftoemgeneticvariantsonobesityanditsmetabolicconsequencesisdependentondailymacronutrientintake AT joannafiedorczuk theimpactofemftoemgeneticvariantsonobesityanditsmetabolicconsequencesisdependentondailymacronutrientintake AT urszulakrasowska theimpactofemftoemgeneticvariantsonobesityanditsmetabolicconsequencesisdependentondailymacronutrientintake AT monikamoroz theimpactofemftoemgeneticvariantsonobesityanditsmetabolicconsequencesisdependentondailymacronutrientintake AT mariagorska theimpactofemftoemgeneticvariantsonobesityanditsmetabolicconsequencesisdependentondailymacronutrientintake AT adamkretowski theimpactofemftoemgeneticvariantsonobesityanditsmetabolicconsequencesisdependentondailymacronutrientintake AT przemyslawczajkowski impactofemftoemgeneticvariantsonobesityanditsmetabolicconsequencesisdependentondailymacronutrientintake AT edytaadamskapatruno impactofemftoemgeneticvariantsonobesityanditsmetabolicconsequencesisdependentondailymacronutrientintake AT witoldbauer impactofemftoemgeneticvariantsonobesityanditsmetabolicconsequencesisdependentondailymacronutrientintake AT joannafiedorczuk impactofemftoemgeneticvariantsonobesityanditsmetabolicconsequencesisdependentondailymacronutrientintake AT urszulakrasowska impactofemftoemgeneticvariantsonobesityanditsmetabolicconsequencesisdependentondailymacronutrientintake AT monikamoroz impactofemftoemgeneticvariantsonobesityanditsmetabolicconsequencesisdependentondailymacronutrientintake AT mariagorska impactofemftoemgeneticvariantsonobesityanditsmetabolicconsequencesisdependentondailymacronutrientintake AT adamkretowski impactofemftoemgeneticvariantsonobesityanditsmetabolicconsequencesisdependentondailymacronutrientintake |