Cuticular Chemistry of the Queensland Fruit Fly <i>Bactrocera tryoni</i> (Froggatt)
The cuticular layer of the insect exoskeleton contains diverse compounds that serve important biological functions, including the maintenance of homeostasis by protecting against water loss, protection from injury, pathogens and insecticides, and communication. <i>Bactrocera tryoni</i> (...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/18/4185 |
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| author | Soo J. Park Gunjan Pandey Cynthia Castro-Vargas John G. Oakeshott Phillip W. Taylor Vivian Mendez |
| author_facet | Soo J. Park Gunjan Pandey Cynthia Castro-Vargas John G. Oakeshott Phillip W. Taylor Vivian Mendez |
| author_sort | Soo J. Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The cuticular layer of the insect exoskeleton contains diverse compounds that serve important biological functions, including the maintenance of homeostasis by protecting against water loss, protection from injury, pathogens and insecticides, and communication. <i>Bactrocera tryoni</i> (Froggatt) is the most destructive pest of fruit production in Australia, yet there are no published accounts of this species’ cuticular chemistry. We here provide a comprehensive description of <i>B. tryoni</i> cuticular chemistry. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify and characterize compounds in hexane extracts of <i>B. tryoni</i> adults reared from larvae in naturally infested fruits. The compounds found included spiroacetals, aliphatic amides, saturated/unsaturated and methyl branched C<sub>12</sub> to C<sub>20</sub> chain esters and C<sub>29</sub> to C<sub>33</sub> normal and methyl-branched alkanes. The spiroacetals and esters were found to be specific to mature females, while the amides were found in both sexes. Normal and methyl-branched alkanes were qualitatively the same in all age and sex groups but some of the alkanes differed in amounts (as estimated from internal standard-normalized peak areas) between mature males and females, as well as between mature and immature flies. This study provides essential foundations for studies investigating the functions of cuticular chemistry in this economically important species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:22:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-764ac1719e7245868b22fbc5bf5b3f61 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:22:32Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-764ac1719e7245868b22fbc5bf5b3f612023-11-20T13:31:54ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-09-012518418510.3390/molecules25184185Cuticular Chemistry of the Queensland Fruit Fly <i>Bactrocera tryoni</i> (Froggatt)Soo J. Park0Gunjan Pandey1Cynthia Castro-Vargas2John G. Oakeshott3Phillip W. Taylor4Vivian Mendez5Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, AustraliaApplied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, AustraliaApplied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, AustraliaApplied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, AustraliaApplied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, AustraliaApplied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, AustraliaThe cuticular layer of the insect exoskeleton contains diverse compounds that serve important biological functions, including the maintenance of homeostasis by protecting against water loss, protection from injury, pathogens and insecticides, and communication. <i>Bactrocera tryoni</i> (Froggatt) is the most destructive pest of fruit production in Australia, yet there are no published accounts of this species’ cuticular chemistry. We here provide a comprehensive description of <i>B. tryoni</i> cuticular chemistry. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify and characterize compounds in hexane extracts of <i>B. tryoni</i> adults reared from larvae in naturally infested fruits. The compounds found included spiroacetals, aliphatic amides, saturated/unsaturated and methyl branched C<sub>12</sub> to C<sub>20</sub> chain esters and C<sub>29</sub> to C<sub>33</sub> normal and methyl-branched alkanes. The spiroacetals and esters were found to be specific to mature females, while the amides were found in both sexes. Normal and methyl-branched alkanes were qualitatively the same in all age and sex groups but some of the alkanes differed in amounts (as estimated from internal standard-normalized peak areas) between mature males and females, as well as between mature and immature flies. This study provides essential foundations for studies investigating the functions of cuticular chemistry in this economically important species.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/18/4185cuticular hydrocarbonscuticlechemical communicationGC-MSmethyl branched alkaneschemical ecology |
| spellingShingle | Soo J. Park Gunjan Pandey Cynthia Castro-Vargas John G. Oakeshott Phillip W. Taylor Vivian Mendez Cuticular Chemistry of the Queensland Fruit Fly <i>Bactrocera tryoni</i> (Froggatt) Molecules cuticular hydrocarbons cuticle chemical communication GC-MS methyl branched alkanes chemical ecology |
| title | Cuticular Chemistry of the Queensland Fruit Fly <i>Bactrocera tryoni</i> (Froggatt) |
| title_full | Cuticular Chemistry of the Queensland Fruit Fly <i>Bactrocera tryoni</i> (Froggatt) |
| title_fullStr | Cuticular Chemistry of the Queensland Fruit Fly <i>Bactrocera tryoni</i> (Froggatt) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cuticular Chemistry of the Queensland Fruit Fly <i>Bactrocera tryoni</i> (Froggatt) |
| title_short | Cuticular Chemistry of the Queensland Fruit Fly <i>Bactrocera tryoni</i> (Froggatt) |
| title_sort | cuticular chemistry of the queensland fruit fly i bactrocera tryoni i froggatt |
| topic | cuticular hydrocarbons cuticle chemical communication GC-MS methyl branched alkanes chemical ecology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/18/4185 |
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