The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in urban, suburban, exurban and rural primary school children in Indonesian population
Uncorrected refractive error (URE) is a major health problem among school children. This study was aimed to determine the frequency and patterns of URE across 4 gradients of residential densities (urban, exurban, suburban and rural). This was a cross-sectional study of school children from 3 distric...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Press of International Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO PRESS)
2017-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Ophthalmology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.ijo.cn/en_publish/2017/11/20171121.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818669514219323392 |
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| author | Indra Tri Mahayana Sagung Gede Indrawati Suhardjo Pawiroranu |
| author_facet | Indra Tri Mahayana Sagung Gede Indrawati Suhardjo Pawiroranu |
| author_sort | Indra Tri Mahayana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Uncorrected refractive error (URE) is a major health problem among school children. This study was aimed to determine the frequency and patterns of URE across 4 gradients of residential densities (urban, exurban, suburban and rural). This was a cross-sectional study of school children from 3 districts in Yogyakarta and 1 district near Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The information regarding age, sex, school and school grader were recorded. The Snellen’s chart was used to measure the visual acuity and to perform the subjective refraction. The district was then divided into urban, suburban, exurban and rural area based on their location and population. In total, 410 school children were included in the analyses (urban=79, exurban=73, suburban=160 and rural=98 school children). Urban school children revealed the worst visual acuity (P<0.001) and it was significant when compared with exurban and rural. The proportion of URE among urban, suburban, exurban and rural area were 10.1%, 12.3%, 3.8%, and 1%, respectively, and it was significant when compared to the proportion of ametropia and corrected refractive error across residential densities (P=0.003). The risk of URE development in urban, suburban, exurban, and rural were 2.218 (95%CI: 0.914-5.385), 3.019 (95%CI: 1.266-7.197), 0.502 (95%CI: 0.195-1.293), and 0.130 (95%CI:0.017-0.972), respectively. Urban school children showed the worst visual acuity. The school children in urban and suburban residential area had 2 and 3 times higher risk of developing the URE. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T06:53:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-764e45ea9565481d824723ee492829a6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2222-3959 2227-4898 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T06:53:25Z |
| publishDate | 2017-11-01 |
| publisher | Press of International Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO PRESS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj.art-764e45ea9565481d824723ee492829a62022-12-21T21:59:31ZengPress of International Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO PRESS)International Journal of Ophthalmology2222-39592227-48982017-11-0110111771177610.18240/ijo.2017.11.21The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in urban, suburban, exurban and rural primary school children in Indonesian populationIndra Tri Mahayana0Sagung Gede Indrawati1Suhardjo Pawiroranu2Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada-Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada-Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada-Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; Dr. Yap Eye Hospital, Yogyakarta 55232, IndonesiaUncorrected refractive error (URE) is a major health problem among school children. This study was aimed to determine the frequency and patterns of URE across 4 gradients of residential densities (urban, exurban, suburban and rural). This was a cross-sectional study of school children from 3 districts in Yogyakarta and 1 district near Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The information regarding age, sex, school and school grader were recorded. The Snellen’s chart was used to measure the visual acuity and to perform the subjective refraction. The district was then divided into urban, suburban, exurban and rural area based on their location and population. In total, 410 school children were included in the analyses (urban=79, exurban=73, suburban=160 and rural=98 school children). Urban school children revealed the worst visual acuity (P<0.001) and it was significant when compared with exurban and rural. The proportion of URE among urban, suburban, exurban and rural area were 10.1%, 12.3%, 3.8%, and 1%, respectively, and it was significant when compared to the proportion of ametropia and corrected refractive error across residential densities (P=0.003). The risk of URE development in urban, suburban, exurban, and rural were 2.218 (95%CI: 0.914-5.385), 3.019 (95%CI: 1.266-7.197), 0.502 (95%CI: 0.195-1.293), and 0.130 (95%CI:0.017-0.972), respectively. Urban school children showed the worst visual acuity. The school children in urban and suburban residential area had 2 and 3 times higher risk of developing the URE.http://www.ijo.cn/en_publish/2017/11/20171121.pdf1776refractive errorschool childrenmyopiaamblyopiavisual impairment |
| spellingShingle | Indra Tri Mahayana Sagung Gede Indrawati Suhardjo Pawiroranu The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in urban, suburban, exurban and rural primary school children in Indonesian population International Journal of Ophthalmology 1776 refractive error school children myopia amblyopia visual impairment |
| title | The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in urban, suburban, exurban and rural primary school children in Indonesian population |
| title_full | The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in urban, suburban, exurban and rural primary school children in Indonesian population |
| title_fullStr | The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in urban, suburban, exurban and rural primary school children in Indonesian population |
| title_full_unstemmed | The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in urban, suburban, exurban and rural primary school children in Indonesian population |
| title_short | The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in urban, suburban, exurban and rural primary school children in Indonesian population |
| title_sort | prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in urban suburban exurban and rural primary school children in indonesian population |
| topic | 1776 refractive error school children myopia amblyopia visual impairment |
| url | http://www.ijo.cn/en_publish/2017/11/20171121.pdf |
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