| Summary: | Phytochemical investigation and chromatographic separation of extracts from one new actinobacteria strain <i>Amycolatopsis taiwanensis</i> that was isolated from soil of Yilan township, in the north of Taiwan, led to the isolation of nine new compounds, amycolataiwanensins A–I (<b>1</b>–<b>9</b>, resp.), and one <i>new natural product</i>, namely amycolataiwanensin J (<b>10</b>). The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic-data analysis (1D- and 2D-NMR, MS, and UV) and comparison with literature data. The effect of some isolates on the inhibition of NO production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages was evaluated. Of the isolates, <b>3</b>, <b>5</b>, <b>7</b> and <b>8</b> exhibited potent anti-NO production activity, with <i>IC</i><sub>50</sub> values of 17.52, 12.31, 17.81 and 13.32 μM, respectively, compared to that of quercetin, an iNOS inhibitor with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 35.94 μM. This is the first report on indole metabolite from the genus <i>Amycolatopsis</i>.
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