Prevalence of Oral Pathogen <i>Slackia exigua</i> among Clinical Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Saliva Samples
<i>Slackia exigua</i> (SE) is a recently identified intestinal microbe, which recent oral surveys suggest may be associated with oral diseases including caries and periodontal disease. Based upon the lack of information regarding this organism, the primary objective of this study was to...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/4/867 |
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| author | Ching Shen Justin Simpson James Brigham Clawson Steven Lam Karl Kingsley |
| author_facet | Ching Shen Justin Simpson James Brigham Clawson Steven Lam Karl Kingsley |
| author_sort | Ching Shen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Slackia exigua</i> (SE) is a recently identified intestinal microbe, which recent oral surveys suggest may be associated with oral diseases including caries and periodontal disease. Based upon the lack of information regarding this organism, the primary objective of this study was to determine the oral prevalence of this microbe and any potential associations with patient characteristics such as age, sex, or the presence of orthodontic appliances. This retrospective study involved the screening of an existing saliva repository composed of previously collected unstimulated clinical saliva samples. More specifically, N = 266 were identified and screened using a spectrophotometer at absorbances of A260 and A280 nm to determine their DNA purity and concentration. qPCR screening of these samples revealed a higher prevalence of <i>Slackia exigua</i> positive samples among pediatric patients (63.1%) compared with adults (36.9%) in this clinic population, <i>p</i> = 0.0007. In addition, higher percentages of <i>Slackia exigua</i> were observed among orthodontic patients (71.2%) compared with non-orthodontic patients (28.8%), <i>p</i> = 0.0001. These results did not vary by sex with nearly equal percentages of <i>Slackia exigua</i> positive males and females among adult and pediatric patients, as well as orthodontic and non-orthodontic samples. These results suggest a strong potential for association between the prevalence of this organism with age as well as orthodontic status, given that younger patients and those with orthodontic brackets (regardless of age) were most likely to harbor this pathogen in sufficient levels to be detected in saliva. More research will be needed to determine any associations with specific outcomes, such as caries or periodontal disease, among <i>Slackia exigua</i> positive patients within these specific populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:43:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-765e8526d5804fdc818cefc1b787fe9c |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:43:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-765e8526d5804fdc818cefc1b787fe9c2023-11-17T20:31:41ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-03-0111486710.3390/microorganisms11040867Prevalence of Oral Pathogen <i>Slackia exigua</i> among Clinical Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Saliva SamplesChing Shen0Justin Simpson1James Brigham Clawson2Steven Lam3Karl Kingsley4Department of Advanced Education in Orthodontic Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USADepartment of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USADepartment of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USADepartment of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA<i>Slackia exigua</i> (SE) is a recently identified intestinal microbe, which recent oral surveys suggest may be associated with oral diseases including caries and periodontal disease. Based upon the lack of information regarding this organism, the primary objective of this study was to determine the oral prevalence of this microbe and any potential associations with patient characteristics such as age, sex, or the presence of orthodontic appliances. This retrospective study involved the screening of an existing saliva repository composed of previously collected unstimulated clinical saliva samples. More specifically, N = 266 were identified and screened using a spectrophotometer at absorbances of A260 and A280 nm to determine their DNA purity and concentration. qPCR screening of these samples revealed a higher prevalence of <i>Slackia exigua</i> positive samples among pediatric patients (63.1%) compared with adults (36.9%) in this clinic population, <i>p</i> = 0.0007. In addition, higher percentages of <i>Slackia exigua</i> were observed among orthodontic patients (71.2%) compared with non-orthodontic patients (28.8%), <i>p</i> = 0.0001. These results did not vary by sex with nearly equal percentages of <i>Slackia exigua</i> positive males and females among adult and pediatric patients, as well as orthodontic and non-orthodontic samples. These results suggest a strong potential for association between the prevalence of this organism with age as well as orthodontic status, given that younger patients and those with orthodontic brackets (regardless of age) were most likely to harbor this pathogen in sufficient levels to be detected in saliva. More research will be needed to determine any associations with specific outcomes, such as caries or periodontal disease, among <i>Slackia exigua</i> positive patients within these specific populations.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/4/867<i>Slackia exigua</i>saliva screeningoral prevalence |
| spellingShingle | Ching Shen Justin Simpson James Brigham Clawson Steven Lam Karl Kingsley Prevalence of Oral Pathogen <i>Slackia exigua</i> among Clinical Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Saliva Samples Microorganisms <i>Slackia exigua</i> saliva screening oral prevalence |
| title | Prevalence of Oral Pathogen <i>Slackia exigua</i> among Clinical Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Saliva Samples |
| title_full | Prevalence of Oral Pathogen <i>Slackia exigua</i> among Clinical Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Saliva Samples |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of Oral Pathogen <i>Slackia exigua</i> among Clinical Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Saliva Samples |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Oral Pathogen <i>Slackia exigua</i> among Clinical Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Saliva Samples |
| title_short | Prevalence of Oral Pathogen <i>Slackia exigua</i> among Clinical Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Saliva Samples |
| title_sort | prevalence of oral pathogen i slackia exigua i among clinical orthodontic and non orthodontic saliva samples |
| topic | <i>Slackia exigua</i> saliva screening oral prevalence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/4/867 |
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