An SEM-ANN approach to evaluate public awareness about COVID, A pathway toward adaptation effective strategies for sustainable development
This study was conducted to evaluate public awareness about COVID with aimed to check public strategies against COVID-19. A semi structured questionnaire was collected and the data was analyzed using some statistical tools (PLS-SEM) and artificial neural networks (ANN). We started by looking at the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1046780/full |
| _version_ | 1811341278043963392 |
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| author | Muhammad Tayyab Sohail Muhammad Tayyab Sohail Minghui Yang Minghui Yang Petra Maresova Petra Maresova Sohaib Mustafa |
| author_facet | Muhammad Tayyab Sohail Muhammad Tayyab Sohail Minghui Yang Minghui Yang Petra Maresova Petra Maresova Sohaib Mustafa |
| author_sort | Muhammad Tayyab Sohail |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study was conducted to evaluate public awareness about COVID with aimed to check public strategies against COVID-19. A semi structured questionnaire was collected and the data was analyzed using some statistical tools (PLS-SEM) and artificial neural networks (ANN). We started by looking at the known causal linkages between the different variables to see if they matched up with the hypotheses that had been proposed. Next, for this reason, we ran a 5,000-sample bootstrapping test to assess how strongly our findings corroborated the null hypothesis. PLS-SEM direct path analysis revealed HRP -> PA-COVID, HI -> PA-COVID, MU -> PA-COVID, PM -> PA-COVID, SD -> PA-COVID. These findings provide credence to the acceptance of hypotheses H1, H3, and H5, but reject hypothesis H2. We have also examined control factors such as respondents' age, gender, and level of education. Age was found to have a positive correlation with PA-COVID, while mean gender and education level were found to not correlate at all with PA-COVID. However, age can be a useful control variable, as a more seasoned individual is likely to have a better understanding of COVID and its effects on independent variables. Study results revealed a small moderation effect in the relationships between understudy independent and dependent variables. Education significantly moderates the relationship of PA-COVID associated with MU, PH, SD, RP, PM, PA-COVID, depicts the moderation role of education on the relationship between MU*Education->PA-COVID, HI*Education->PA.COVID, SD*Education->PA.COVID, HRP*Education->PA.COVID, PM*Education -> PA.COVID. The artificial neural network (ANN) model we've developed for spreading information about COVID-19 (PA-COVID) follows in the footsteps of previous studies. The root means the square of the errors (RMSE). Validity measures how well a model can predict a certain result. With RMSE values of 0.424 for training and 0.394 for testing, we observed that our ANN model for public awareness of COVID-19 (PA-COVID) had a strong predictive ability. Based on the sensitivity analysis results, we determined that PA. COVID had the highest relative normalized relevance for our sample (100%). These factors were then followed by MU (54.6%), HI (11.1%), SD (100.0%), HRP (28.5%), and PM (64.6%) were likewise shown to be the least important factors for consumers in developing countries struggling with diseases caused by contaminated water. In addition, a specific approach was used to construct a goodness-of-fit coefficient to evaluate the performance of the ANN models. The study will aid in the implementation of effective monitoring and public policies to promote the health of local people. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:53:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-76635cc967bc40cf8e4d632b5900bd15 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:53:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-76635cc967bc40cf8e4d632b5900bd152022-12-22T02:34:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652022-10-011010.3389/fpubh.2022.10467801046780An SEM-ANN approach to evaluate public awareness about COVID, A pathway toward adaptation effective strategies for sustainable developmentMuhammad Tayyab Sohail0Muhammad Tayyab Sohail1Minghui Yang2Minghui Yang3Petra Maresova4Petra Maresova5Sohaib Mustafa6School of Public Administration, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, ChinaSouth Asia Research Center, School of Public Administration, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, ChinaInternational Business School, Guangzhou City University of Technology, Guangzhou, ChinaResearch Center for Accounting and Economic Development of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, ChinaFaculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, CzechiaMalaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaCollege of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, ChinaThis study was conducted to evaluate public awareness about COVID with aimed to check public strategies against COVID-19. A semi structured questionnaire was collected and the data was analyzed using some statistical tools (PLS-SEM) and artificial neural networks (ANN). We started by looking at the known causal linkages between the different variables to see if they matched up with the hypotheses that had been proposed. Next, for this reason, we ran a 5,000-sample bootstrapping test to assess how strongly our findings corroborated the null hypothesis. PLS-SEM direct path analysis revealed HRP -> PA-COVID, HI -> PA-COVID, MU -> PA-COVID, PM -> PA-COVID, SD -> PA-COVID. These findings provide credence to the acceptance of hypotheses H1, H3, and H5, but reject hypothesis H2. We have also examined control factors such as respondents' age, gender, and level of education. Age was found to have a positive correlation with PA-COVID, while mean gender and education level were found to not correlate at all with PA-COVID. However, age can be a useful control variable, as a more seasoned individual is likely to have a better understanding of COVID and its effects on independent variables. Study results revealed a small moderation effect in the relationships between understudy independent and dependent variables. Education significantly moderates the relationship of PA-COVID associated with MU, PH, SD, RP, PM, PA-COVID, depicts the moderation role of education on the relationship between MU*Education->PA-COVID, HI*Education->PA.COVID, SD*Education->PA.COVID, HRP*Education->PA.COVID, PM*Education -> PA.COVID. The artificial neural network (ANN) model we've developed for spreading information about COVID-19 (PA-COVID) follows in the footsteps of previous studies. The root means the square of the errors (RMSE). Validity measures how well a model can predict a certain result. With RMSE values of 0.424 for training and 0.394 for testing, we observed that our ANN model for public awareness of COVID-19 (PA-COVID) had a strong predictive ability. Based on the sensitivity analysis results, we determined that PA. COVID had the highest relative normalized relevance for our sample (100%). These factors were then followed by MU (54.6%), HI (11.1%), SD (100.0%), HRP (28.5%), and PM (64.6%) were likewise shown to be the least important factors for consumers in developing countries struggling with diseases caused by contaminated water. In addition, a specific approach was used to construct a goodness-of-fit coefficient to evaluate the performance of the ANN models. The study will aid in the implementation of effective monitoring and public policies to promote the health of local people.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1046780/fullpublicCOVID-19PakistanhealthSEM-ANNsocial distance |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Tayyab Sohail Muhammad Tayyab Sohail Minghui Yang Minghui Yang Petra Maresova Petra Maresova Sohaib Mustafa An SEM-ANN approach to evaluate public awareness about COVID, A pathway toward adaptation effective strategies for sustainable development Frontiers in Public Health public COVID-19 Pakistan health SEM-ANN social distance |
| title | An SEM-ANN approach to evaluate public awareness about COVID, A pathway toward adaptation effective strategies for sustainable development |
| title_full | An SEM-ANN approach to evaluate public awareness about COVID, A pathway toward adaptation effective strategies for sustainable development |
| title_fullStr | An SEM-ANN approach to evaluate public awareness about COVID, A pathway toward adaptation effective strategies for sustainable development |
| title_full_unstemmed | An SEM-ANN approach to evaluate public awareness about COVID, A pathway toward adaptation effective strategies for sustainable development |
| title_short | An SEM-ANN approach to evaluate public awareness about COVID, A pathway toward adaptation effective strategies for sustainable development |
| title_sort | sem ann approach to evaluate public awareness about covid a pathway toward adaptation effective strategies for sustainable development |
| topic | public COVID-19 Pakistan health SEM-ANN social distance |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1046780/full |
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