Genetic Diversity of <i>Borreliaceae</i> Species Detected in Natural Populations of <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> Ticks in Northern Poland
In Europe, <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> tick is the vector of Lyme disease spirochetes and their relatives (<i>Borreliella</i> genus) and <i>Borrelia miyamotoi</i>. However, a newly described tick <i>I. inopinatus</i> with similar biological features and sepa...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| author | Beata Wodecka Valentyna Kolomiiets |
| author_facet | Beata Wodecka Valentyna Kolomiiets |
| author_sort | Beata Wodecka |
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| description | In Europe, <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> tick is the vector of Lyme disease spirochetes and their relatives (<i>Borreliella</i> genus) and <i>Borrelia miyamotoi</i>. However, a newly described tick <i>I. inopinatus</i> with similar biological features and separated from <i>I. ricinus</i> may act as a vector for different <i>Borrelia</i> species. To date, eleven <i>Borreliella</i> species were detected in the natural populations of <i>I. ricinus</i>. Recently, two North American species have been detected in ticks parasitizing bats and red foxes in Europe, i.e., <i>B. lanei</i> and <i>B. californiensis</i> pointing to the necessity for searching for them in natural tick populations. In this study, using the <i>coxI</i> molecular marker only <i>I. ricinus</i> was identified in field-collected ticks with the exception of individual specimens of <i>Haemaphysalis concinna</i>. Using the <i>flaB</i> gene and <i>mag</i>-<i>trnI</i> intergenic spacer as molecular markers 14 <i>Borreliaceae</i> species have been detected with various frequencies in different parts of northern Poland. Among infected ticks, the most frequent were <i>Borreliella</i> (<i>Bl.</i>) <i>afzelii</i> (29.4%) and <i>Bl. garinii</i> (20.0%), followed by <i>Bl. spielmanii</i>, <i>Bl. valaisiana</i>, <i>Bl. lanei</i>, <i>Bl. californiensis</i>, <i>B. miyamotoi</i>, <i>Bl. burgdorferi</i>, <i>Bl. carolinensis</i>, <i>Bl. americana</i>, <i>B. turcica</i>, <i>Bl. lusitaniae</i>, <i>Bl. bissettiae</i> and <i>Bl. finlandensis</i>. Three of the above-mentioned species, i.e., <i>Bl. lanei</i>, <i>Bl. californiensis</i> and <i>B. turcica</i> were detected in this study for the first time in the natural ixodid tick population in Europe. The existence of the newly detected spirochetes increases their total diversity in Europe and points to the necessity of careful identification and establishment of the actual distribution of all <i>Borreliaceae</i> species transmitted by <i>I. ricinus</i>. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-766786083c204b53925020fc9c011cae2023-11-17T20:06:16ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292023-04-0113497210.3390/life13040972Genetic Diversity of <i>Borreliaceae</i> Species Detected in Natural Populations of <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> Ticks in Northern PolandBeata Wodecka0Valentyna Kolomiiets1Department of Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Biology, Szczecin University, 71-415 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Biology, Szczecin University, 71-415 Szczecin, PolandIn Europe, <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> tick is the vector of Lyme disease spirochetes and their relatives (<i>Borreliella</i> genus) and <i>Borrelia miyamotoi</i>. However, a newly described tick <i>I. inopinatus</i> with similar biological features and separated from <i>I. ricinus</i> may act as a vector for different <i>Borrelia</i> species. To date, eleven <i>Borreliella</i> species were detected in the natural populations of <i>I. ricinus</i>. Recently, two North American species have been detected in ticks parasitizing bats and red foxes in Europe, i.e., <i>B. lanei</i> and <i>B. californiensis</i> pointing to the necessity for searching for them in natural tick populations. In this study, using the <i>coxI</i> molecular marker only <i>I. ricinus</i> was identified in field-collected ticks with the exception of individual specimens of <i>Haemaphysalis concinna</i>. Using the <i>flaB</i> gene and <i>mag</i>-<i>trnI</i> intergenic spacer as molecular markers 14 <i>Borreliaceae</i> species have been detected with various frequencies in different parts of northern Poland. Among infected ticks, the most frequent were <i>Borreliella</i> (<i>Bl.</i>) <i>afzelii</i> (29.4%) and <i>Bl. garinii</i> (20.0%), followed by <i>Bl. spielmanii</i>, <i>Bl. valaisiana</i>, <i>Bl. lanei</i>, <i>Bl. californiensis</i>, <i>B. miyamotoi</i>, <i>Bl. burgdorferi</i>, <i>Bl. carolinensis</i>, <i>Bl. americana</i>, <i>B. turcica</i>, <i>Bl. lusitaniae</i>, <i>Bl. bissettiae</i> and <i>Bl. finlandensis</i>. Three of the above-mentioned species, i.e., <i>Bl. lanei</i>, <i>Bl. californiensis</i> and <i>B. turcica</i> were detected in this study for the first time in the natural ixodid tick population in Europe. The existence of the newly detected spirochetes increases their total diversity in Europe and points to the necessity of careful identification and establishment of the actual distribution of all <i>Borreliaceae</i> species transmitted by <i>I. ricinus</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/4/972<i>Borreliaceae</i><i>Borreliella</i><i>Borrelia</i>genetic diversity<i>Ixodes ricinus</i> |
| spellingShingle | Beata Wodecka Valentyna Kolomiiets Genetic Diversity of <i>Borreliaceae</i> Species Detected in Natural Populations of <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> Ticks in Northern Poland Life <i>Borreliaceae</i> <i>Borreliella</i> <i>Borrelia</i> genetic diversity <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> |
| title | Genetic Diversity of <i>Borreliaceae</i> Species Detected in Natural Populations of <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> Ticks in Northern Poland |
| title_full | Genetic Diversity of <i>Borreliaceae</i> Species Detected in Natural Populations of <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> Ticks in Northern Poland |
| title_fullStr | Genetic Diversity of <i>Borreliaceae</i> Species Detected in Natural Populations of <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> Ticks in Northern Poland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Diversity of <i>Borreliaceae</i> Species Detected in Natural Populations of <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> Ticks in Northern Poland |
| title_short | Genetic Diversity of <i>Borreliaceae</i> Species Detected in Natural Populations of <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> Ticks in Northern Poland |
| title_sort | genetic diversity of i borreliaceae i species detected in natural populations of i ixodes ricinus i ticks in northern poland |
| topic | <i>Borreliaceae</i> <i>Borreliella</i> <i>Borrelia</i> genetic diversity <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/4/972 |
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