Role of Rice stripe virus NSvc4 in cell-to-cell movement and symptom development in Nicotiana benthamiana
Our previous work has demonstrated that the NSvc4 protein of Rice stripe virus (RSV) functions as a cell-to-cell movement protein. However, the mechanisms whereby RSV traffics through plasmodesmata (PD) are unknown. Here we provide evidence that the NSvc4 moves on the actin filament and endoplasmic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2012-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2012.00269/full |
| _version_ | 1818417148722151424 |
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| author | Yi eXu Xueping eZhou |
| author_facet | Yi eXu Xueping eZhou |
| author_sort | Yi eXu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Our previous work has demonstrated that the NSvc4 protein of Rice stripe virus (RSV) functions as a cell-to-cell movement protein. However, the mechanisms whereby RSV traffics through plasmodesmata (PD) are unknown. Here we provide evidence that the NSvc4 moves on the actin filament and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network, but not microtubules, to reach cell wall PD. Disruption of cytoskeleton using different inhibitors altered NSvc4 localization to PD, thus impeding RSV infection of Nicotiana benthamiana. Sequence analyses and deletion mutagenesis experiment revealed that the N-terminal 125 amino acids (AAs) of the NSvc4 determine PD targeting and that a transmembrane domain spanning AAs 106 to 125 is critical for PD localization. We also found that the NSvc4 protein can localize to chloroplasts in infected cells. Analyses using deletion mutants revealed that the N-terminal 73 AAs are essential for chloroplast localization. Furthermore, expression of NSvc4 from a Potato virus X (PVX) vector resulted in more severe disease symptoms than PVX alone in systemically infected N. benthamiana leaves. Expression of NSvc4 in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 (Sf-9) cells did not elicit tubule formation, but instead resulted in punctate foci at the plasma membrane. These findings shed new light on our understanding of the movement mechanisms whereby RSV infects host plants. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-766e5fd63a184836b3c92600b0086f3f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T12:02:11Z |
| publishDate | 2012-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-766e5fd63a184836b3c92600b0086f3f2022-12-21T23:01:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2012-12-01310.3389/fpls.2012.0026938257Role of Rice stripe virus NSvc4 in cell-to-cell movement and symptom development in Nicotiana benthamianaYi eXu0Xueping eZhou1Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang UniversityOur previous work has demonstrated that the NSvc4 protein of Rice stripe virus (RSV) functions as a cell-to-cell movement protein. However, the mechanisms whereby RSV traffics through plasmodesmata (PD) are unknown. Here we provide evidence that the NSvc4 moves on the actin filament and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network, but not microtubules, to reach cell wall PD. Disruption of cytoskeleton using different inhibitors altered NSvc4 localization to PD, thus impeding RSV infection of Nicotiana benthamiana. Sequence analyses and deletion mutagenesis experiment revealed that the N-terminal 125 amino acids (AAs) of the NSvc4 determine PD targeting and that a transmembrane domain spanning AAs 106 to 125 is critical for PD localization. We also found that the NSvc4 protein can localize to chloroplasts in infected cells. Analyses using deletion mutants revealed that the N-terminal 73 AAs are essential for chloroplast localization. Furthermore, expression of NSvc4 from a Potato virus X (PVX) vector resulted in more severe disease symptoms than PVX alone in systemically infected N. benthamiana leaves. Expression of NSvc4 in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 (Sf-9) cells did not elicit tubule formation, but instead resulted in punctate foci at the plasma membrane. These findings shed new light on our understanding of the movement mechanisms whereby RSV infects host plants.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2012.00269/fullCytoskeletonMovementchloroplastRice stripe virustubules |
| spellingShingle | Yi eXu Xueping eZhou Role of Rice stripe virus NSvc4 in cell-to-cell movement and symptom development in Nicotiana benthamiana Frontiers in Plant Science Cytoskeleton Movement chloroplast Rice stripe virus tubules |
| title | Role of Rice stripe virus NSvc4 in cell-to-cell movement and symptom development in Nicotiana benthamiana |
| title_full | Role of Rice stripe virus NSvc4 in cell-to-cell movement and symptom development in Nicotiana benthamiana |
| title_fullStr | Role of Rice stripe virus NSvc4 in cell-to-cell movement and symptom development in Nicotiana benthamiana |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Rice stripe virus NSvc4 in cell-to-cell movement and symptom development in Nicotiana benthamiana |
| title_short | Role of Rice stripe virus NSvc4 in cell-to-cell movement and symptom development in Nicotiana benthamiana |
| title_sort | role of rice stripe virus nsvc4 in cell to cell movement and symptom development in nicotiana benthamiana |
| topic | Cytoskeleton Movement chloroplast Rice stripe virus tubules |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2012.00269/full |
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