Contact Efficacy of Two Amorphous Silica Powders against the Red Flour Beetle, <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
The contact efficacy of two amorphous silica powders 1 and 2 procured from Imery’s chemicals, Lompoc, CA, USA, were evaluated against the red flour beetle, <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> (Herbst). The efficacy of the silica two powders was evaluated by exposing 10 adults of <i>T. casta...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/11/833 |
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| author | Selladurai Manivannan Bhadriraju Subramanyam |
| author_facet | Selladurai Manivannan Bhadriraju Subramanyam |
| author_sort | Selladurai Manivannan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The contact efficacy of two amorphous silica powders 1 and 2 procured from Imery’s chemicals, Lompoc, CA, USA, were evaluated against the red flour beetle, <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> (Herbst). The efficacy of the silica two powders was evaluated by exposing 10 adults of <i>T. castaneum</i> to twelve different concentrations of silica powder 1 and 2 for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Mortality assessments were made after 14 d, and data on adult progeny production were recorded at 42 d. Complete mortality of <i>T. castaneum</i> was observed when adults were exposed for 36 h to concentrations of 1.5 to 5 g/m<sup>2</sup> of silica powder 1. Conversely, in tests with silica powder 2, complete mortality was only achieved when adults were exposed for 48 h to concentrations ranging from 0.75 to 5 g/m<sup>2</sup>. Silica powder 1 exhibited greater efficacy in inhibiting adult progeny production in <i>T. castaneum</i>, particularly at a concentration of 2.0 g/m<sup>2</sup> after 24 h exposure. Overall, silica powder 1 displayed superior performance in terms of adult mortality and the suppression of <i>T. castaneum</i> adult progeny production. This advantage can be attributed to the smaller particle size of silica powder 1 when compared to silica powder 2. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:44:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-766f6b1a0811485a93ae1d5e0c5458b4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:44:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-766f6b1a0811485a93ae1d5e0c5458b42023-11-24T14:48:31ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502023-10-01141183310.3390/insects14110833Contact Efficacy of Two Amorphous Silica Powders against the Red Flour Beetle, <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)Selladurai Manivannan0Bhadriraju Subramanyam1Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USADepartment of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USAThe contact efficacy of two amorphous silica powders 1 and 2 procured from Imery’s chemicals, Lompoc, CA, USA, were evaluated against the red flour beetle, <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> (Herbst). The efficacy of the silica two powders was evaluated by exposing 10 adults of <i>T. castaneum</i> to twelve different concentrations of silica powder 1 and 2 for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Mortality assessments were made after 14 d, and data on adult progeny production were recorded at 42 d. Complete mortality of <i>T. castaneum</i> was observed when adults were exposed for 36 h to concentrations of 1.5 to 5 g/m<sup>2</sup> of silica powder 1. Conversely, in tests with silica powder 2, complete mortality was only achieved when adults were exposed for 48 h to concentrations ranging from 0.75 to 5 g/m<sup>2</sup>. Silica powder 1 exhibited greater efficacy in inhibiting adult progeny production in <i>T. castaneum</i>, particularly at a concentration of 2.0 g/m<sup>2</sup> after 24 h exposure. Overall, silica powder 1 displayed superior performance in terms of adult mortality and the suppression of <i>T. castaneum</i> adult progeny production. This advantage can be attributed to the smaller particle size of silica powder 1 when compared to silica powder 2.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/11/833amorphous silica powders<i>T. castaneum</i>adult mortalityprogeny productionparticle size |
| spellingShingle | Selladurai Manivannan Bhadriraju Subramanyam Contact Efficacy of Two Amorphous Silica Powders against the Red Flour Beetle, <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Insects amorphous silica powders <i>T. castaneum</i> adult mortality progeny production particle size |
| title | Contact Efficacy of Two Amorphous Silica Powders against the Red Flour Beetle, <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) |
| title_full | Contact Efficacy of Two Amorphous Silica Powders against the Red Flour Beetle, <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) |
| title_fullStr | Contact Efficacy of Two Amorphous Silica Powders against the Red Flour Beetle, <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contact Efficacy of Two Amorphous Silica Powders against the Red Flour Beetle, <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) |
| title_short | Contact Efficacy of Two Amorphous Silica Powders against the Red Flour Beetle, <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) |
| title_sort | contact efficacy of two amorphous silica powders against the red flour beetle i tribolium castaneum i herbst coleoptera tenebrionidae |
| topic | amorphous silica powders <i>T. castaneum</i> adult mortality progeny production particle size |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/11/833 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT selladuraimanivannan contactefficacyoftwoamorphoussilicapowdersagainsttheredflourbeetleitriboliumcastaneumiherbstcoleopteratenebrionidae AT bhadrirajusubramanyam contactefficacyoftwoamorphoussilicapowdersagainsttheredflourbeetleitriboliumcastaneumiherbstcoleopteratenebrionidae |