Poly(caffeic acid) Redox Couple Decorated on Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide for Electrocatalytic Sensing Free Chlorine in Drinking Water
Regular water quality measurements are essential to the public water supply. Moreover, selective free chlorine (disinfectant) level monitoring without an interfering agent is necessary. The present work aimed to fabricate poly(caffeic acid) (p-CFA) coated on an electrochemically reduced graphene oxi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/1/151 |
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| author | Srinivasan Kesavan Deivasigamani Ranjith Kumar Ganesh Dhakal Woo Kyoung Kim Yong Rok Lee Jae-Jin Shim |
| author_facet | Srinivasan Kesavan Deivasigamani Ranjith Kumar Ganesh Dhakal Woo Kyoung Kim Yong Rok Lee Jae-Jin Shim |
| author_sort | Srinivasan Kesavan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Regular water quality measurements are essential to the public water supply. Moreover, selective free chlorine (disinfectant) level monitoring without an interfering agent is necessary. The present work aimed to fabricate poly(caffeic acid) (p-CFA) coated on an electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) surface for the selective detection of free chlorine. Electron microscopy and various spectroscopic techniques confirmed the p-CFA@ERGO/glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The p-CFA@ERGO/GC coated probe surface coverage was calculated to be 4.75 × 10<sup>−11</sup> mol cm<sup>−2</sup>. The p-CFA@ERGO/GC showed superior catechol/<i>o</i>-quinone oxidation/reduction peaks for electrocatalytic free chlorine determination. The performance of the developed sensor electrode was outstanding, with an extensive range of free chlorine detection (20 μM to 20 mM), high sensitivity (0.0361 µA µM<sup>−1</sup>), and low detection limit (0.03 µM). The p-CFA@ERGO/GC capability of the realist water samples, such as the tested commercial and tap water, yielded a good range of recovery (from 98.5% to 99.9%). These values align with the standard <i>N,N</i>′-diethyl-<i>p</i>-phenylenediamine reagent method results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:43:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-767f52c8f37c4ff3ae182415f02c4e54 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:43:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-767f52c8f37c4ff3ae182415f02c4e542023-12-02T00:44:50ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-12-0113115110.3390/nano13010151Poly(caffeic acid) Redox Couple Decorated on Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide for Electrocatalytic Sensing Free Chlorine in Drinking WaterSrinivasan Kesavan0Deivasigamani Ranjith Kumar1Ganesh Dhakal2Woo Kyoung Kim3Yong Rok Lee4Jae-Jin Shim5School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of KoreaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of KoreaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of KoreaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of KoreaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of KoreaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of KoreaRegular water quality measurements are essential to the public water supply. Moreover, selective free chlorine (disinfectant) level monitoring without an interfering agent is necessary. The present work aimed to fabricate poly(caffeic acid) (p-CFA) coated on an electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) surface for the selective detection of free chlorine. Electron microscopy and various spectroscopic techniques confirmed the p-CFA@ERGO/glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The p-CFA@ERGO/GC coated probe surface coverage was calculated to be 4.75 × 10<sup>−11</sup> mol cm<sup>−2</sup>. The p-CFA@ERGO/GC showed superior catechol/<i>o</i>-quinone oxidation/reduction peaks for electrocatalytic free chlorine determination. The performance of the developed sensor electrode was outstanding, with an extensive range of free chlorine detection (20 μM to 20 mM), high sensitivity (0.0361 µA µM<sup>−1</sup>), and low detection limit (0.03 µM). The p-CFA@ERGO/GC capability of the realist water samples, such as the tested commercial and tap water, yielded a good range of recovery (from 98.5% to 99.9%). These values align with the standard <i>N,N</i>′-diethyl-<i>p</i>-phenylenediamine reagent method results.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/1/151caffeic acidpoly(caffeic acid)electrocatalytic reactionfree chlorinetap waterdrinking water |
| spellingShingle | Srinivasan Kesavan Deivasigamani Ranjith Kumar Ganesh Dhakal Woo Kyoung Kim Yong Rok Lee Jae-Jin Shim Poly(caffeic acid) Redox Couple Decorated on Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide for Electrocatalytic Sensing Free Chlorine in Drinking Water Nanomaterials caffeic acid poly(caffeic acid) electrocatalytic reaction free chlorine tap water drinking water |
| title | Poly(caffeic acid) Redox Couple Decorated on Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide for Electrocatalytic Sensing Free Chlorine in Drinking Water |
| title_full | Poly(caffeic acid) Redox Couple Decorated on Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide for Electrocatalytic Sensing Free Chlorine in Drinking Water |
| title_fullStr | Poly(caffeic acid) Redox Couple Decorated on Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide for Electrocatalytic Sensing Free Chlorine in Drinking Water |
| title_full_unstemmed | Poly(caffeic acid) Redox Couple Decorated on Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide for Electrocatalytic Sensing Free Chlorine in Drinking Water |
| title_short | Poly(caffeic acid) Redox Couple Decorated on Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide for Electrocatalytic Sensing Free Chlorine in Drinking Water |
| title_sort | poly caffeic acid redox couple decorated on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide for electrocatalytic sensing free chlorine in drinking water |
| topic | caffeic acid poly(caffeic acid) electrocatalytic reaction free chlorine tap water drinking water |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/1/151 |
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